Impact of HIV-1 Tat and cocaine on mitochondrial biogenesis and OXPHOS-impaired Nrf transcription. HIV-1 Transgenic (iTat) mice received daily i.p. injections of saline or doxycycline (Dox; 100 mg/kg/d) over 14 days, with or without s.c. injection of cocaine (10 mg/kg/d). After the treatment course, equal amounts of protein lysate were resolved by 4–15% SDS-PAGE. Protein expression was analyzed by Western blot: cytoplasmic PGC-1α, TFAM (C) and mitochondrial PGC-1α, TFAM (E), OXPHOS (A), cytoplasmic NRF1 and 2 (G) and mitochondrial NRF1 and 2 (I). Figure B, D, F, H, and J represent % densitometric value protein levels (as % control). Data are expressed as the mean ± SE of three independent experiments.