Figure 3. Existing embryoids that recapitulate different stages of mouse (top) and human development (bottom), from pre-implantation through gastrulation or early neurulation and organogenesis.

3D blastoid: Embryoid to model pre-implantation blastocyst development. 3D ETX embryoid: Embryoid to model post-implantation embryo development up to early gastrulation. 3D gastruloid and trunk-like structure: Embryoid to model post-gastrulation development of the posterior portion of the embryo. 2D gastrulation model: Embryoid to model germ layer patterning during gastrulation. 3D epiblast patterning model: Embryoid to model epiblast morphogenesis and patterning during early post-implantation development. 3D post-implantation amniotic sac embryoid (PASE): Embryoid to model post-implantation human development up to early gastrulation. 2D neurulation model: Embryoid to model the neurulation process, leading to neural tube development and patterning.