Table 2.

Bivariate associations between risk factors and anticipated HIV stigma with perceived HIV risk, stratified by sex (Total N=3869)^a

	Males (N=1961)		Females (N=1908)
Risk factor variable	% replied “at risk”	Chi-square or t-value (df)	% replied “at risk”	Chi-square or t-value (df)
Overall, by sex (Chi-square = 2.33, NS)	23.9		21.8
Sexual risk behavior		χ2(2,N = 1866) = 103.82***		χ2(2, N = 1817) = 94.63***
Never had sex	14.7		14.6
Less riskyb	34.0		28.0
More risky	35.2		37.4
You or partner ever been pregnant		χ2(1, N = 1944) = 0.41		χ2(2, N = 1279) = 11.36***
No	23.7		20.4
Yes	26.8		29.3
Ever married		χ2(2, N = 1475) = 0.57		χ2(2, N = 1431) = 1.81
No	23.9		21.5
Yes	12.5		28.2
	Mean (SD)	t-value	Mean (SD)	t-value
Anticipated HIV stigma by risk perception		t(725.75) = −4.59***		t(617.79) = −2.77**
Perceive “at risk”	0.88 (0.58)		0.83 (0.55)
Perceive “not at risk”	0.74 (0.52)		0.75 (0.50)

Notes: Categorical variables were evaluated by cross-tabulation. HIV stigma was evaluated by t-test.

^aTotal number of participants with non-missing data for the perceived HIV risk survey item.

^b”Less risky” refers to having used a condom at last sex and having had fewer than two partners in the past 12 months. “More risky” refers to no condom use at last sex and/or having had two or more partners in the past 12 months.

^***p < 0.001,

^**p < 0.01