Table 3.
Associations of Race with Adverse Outcomes Among all ARIC Visit 5 Participants
| No. of events, | No. at risk, | IRR, Black vs White | 95% CI | P value | |
| No. of hospitalizations | |||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 8,953 | 5,556 | 1.23 | (1.10–1.38) | <.001 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age and sex | 8,953 | 5,556 | 1.33 | (1.19–1.49) | <.001 |
| Model 3a: Further adjusted for baseline eGFRCrCys | 8,953 | 5,556 | 1.37 | (1.23–1.52) | <.001 |
| Model 3b: Further adjusted for log-transformed urine ACR | 8,953 | 5,556 | 1.26 | (1.13–1.40) | <.001 |
| Model 4: Further adjusted for prevalent hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and heart failure | 8,381 | 5,231 | 1.12 | (1.01–1.25) | .04 |
| Model 5: Further adjusted for baseline income and education | 7,607 | 4,782 | 1.00 | (.89–1.12) | 1.00 |
| Model 6: Further adjusted for APOL1 risk status | 7,607 | 4,782 | .98 | (.87–1.11) | .79 |
| No. of events | No. at risk | HR, Black vs White | 95% CI | P value | |
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 915 | 5,559 | 1.16 | (1.00–1.35) | .06 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age and sex | 915 | 5,559 | 1.38 | (1.18–1.61) | <.001 |
| Model 3a: Further adjusted for baseline eGFRCrCys | 915 | 5,559 | 1.44 | (1.24–1.68) | <.001 |
| Model 3b: Further adjusted for log-transformed urine ACR | 915 | 5,559 | 1.30 | (1.11–1.52) | .001 |
| Model 4: Further adjusted for prevalent hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and heart failure | 840 | 5,233 | 1.16 | (.97–1.37) | .10 |
| Model 5: Further adjusted for baseline income and education | 748 | 4,784 | 1.08 | (.90–1.31) | .41 |
| Model 6: Further adjusted for APOL1 risk status | 748 | 4,784 | 1.10 | (.90–1.34) | .35 |
| Incident chronic kidney disease | |||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 416 | 3,876 | 1.51 | (1.22–1.87) | <.001 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age and sex | 416 | 3,876 | 1.63 | (1.32–2.02) | <.001 |
| Model 3a: Further adjusted for baseline eGFRCrCys | 416 | 3,876 | 1.97 | (1.59–2.44) | <.001 |
| Model 3b: Further adjusted for log-transformed urine ACR | 416 | 3,876 | 1.85 | (1.50–2.30) | <.001 |
| Model 4: Further adjusted for prevalent hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and heart failure | 386 | 3,660 | 1.57 | (1.24–1.98) | <.001 |
| Model 5: Further adjusted for baseline income and education | 355 | 3,358 | 1.33 | (1.02–1.72) | .04 |
| Model 6: Further adjusted for APOL1 risk status | 355 | 3,358 | 1.38 | (1.06–1.81) | .02 |
| Incident end-stage renal disease | |||||
| Model 1: Unadjusted | 40 | 5,532 | 4.97 | (2.65–9.30) | <.001 |
| Model 2: Adjusted for age and sex | 40 | 5,532 | 5.39 | (2.85–10.18) | <.001 |
| Model 3a: Further adjusted for baseline eGFRCrCys | 40 | 5,532 | 4.65 | (2.42–8.93) | <.001 |
| Model 3b: Further adjusted for log-transformed urine ACR | 40 | 5,532 | 3.45 | (1.77–6.70) | <.001 |
| Model 4: Further adjusted for prevalent hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and heart failure | 40 | 5,208 | 3.69 | (1.79–7.61) | <.001 |
| Model 5: Further adjusted for baseline income and education | 28 | 4,764 | 4.14 | (1.60–10.72) | .003 |
| Model 6: Further adjusted for APOL1 risk status | 28 | 4,764 | 3.20 | (1.16–8.86) | .03 |
Abbreviations: ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study; CI, confidence interval; eGFRCrCys, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine and cystatin C; HR, hazard ratio; IRR, incident rate ratio.