Table 1.
Descriptive statistics: The 2016 MEPS(N=8199)
| Variables | All %, mean (95% CI) |
Residence location %, mean (95% CI) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Urban | Rural, adjacent to city |
Rural, not adjacent to city |
P | ||
| Individual level variables | 88.3 (86, 90.5) | 8.6 (6.2, 11) | 3.1 (1.7, 4.6) | ||
| Age | 0.014 | ||||
| 18-44 | 38.9 (37.1, 40.6) | 39.7 (37.8, 41.6) | 34.3 (28.2, 40.4) | 28.9 (22.1, 35.7) | |
| 45-64 | 36.9 (35.5, 38.4) | 36.8 (35.1, 38.4) | 39.0 (34.3, 43.7) | 35.9 (28.6, 43.2) | |
| 65+ | 24.2 (22.6, 25.7) | 23.5 (21.9, 25.2) | 26.7 (20.2, 33.2) | 35.2 (26.9, 43.6) | |
| Sex | 0.985 | ||||
| Female | 56.3 (55.3, 57.2) | 56.3 (55.3, 57.3) | 56.1 (52.7, 59.5) | 56.7 (50, 63.4) | |
| Male | 43.7 (42.8, 44.7) | 43.7 (42.7, 44.7) | 43.9 (40.5, 47.3) | 43.3 (36.6, 50) | |
| Married | 0.223 | ||||
| Yes | 59.7 (58.1, 61.3) | 59.1 (57.4, 60.9) | 63.9 (58.9, 68.9) | 63.7 (53.3, 74.1) | |
| No | 40.3 (38.7, 41.9) | 40.9 (39.1, 42.6) | 36.1 (31.1, 41.1) | 36.3 (25.9, 46.7) | |
| Race/ethnicity | <.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 73.8 (72, 75.6) | 71.7 (69.8, 73.7) | 88.4 (84.5, 92.2) | 92 (88.7, 95.3) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 7.4 (6.5, 8.3) | 8.0 (7.0, 8.9) | 3.2 (1.6, 4.7) | 3.1 (0.3, 5.9) | |
| Hispanic | 10.4 (9.3, 11.5) | 11.3 (10, 12.5) | 4.6 (1.6, 7.6) | 2.5 (0.1, 4.9) | |
| Other | 8.4 (7.2, 9.6) | 9.0 (7.7, 10.4) | 3.9 (1.4, 6.4) | 2.4 (1.0, 3.8) | |
| Income category (% of FPL) | <.001 | ||||
| Poor/Low income | 16.5 (15.4, 17.7) | 16.2 (15, 17.4) | 19.6 (15.9, 23.2) | 17.6 (11.1, 24.1) | |
| Middle income | 25.1 (23.8, 26.4) | 24 (22.7, 25.4) | 32.8 (27.9, 37.8) | 32.3 (23.8, 40.7) | |
| High income | 58.4 (56.7, 60.1) | 59.8 (58, 61.6) | 47.6 (41.6, 53.5) | 50.1 (40.7, 59.6) | |
| Education level | <.001 | ||||
| less than high school | 7.1 (6.4, 7.9) | 6.8 (6.0, 7.6) | 9.6 (7.2, 12.1) | 8.7 (4.6, 12.7) | |
| High school | 23 (21.6, 24.4) | 22 (20.6, 23.4) | 31.1 (24.5, 37.6) | 29.7 (23.1, 36.3) | |
| Some college or above | 69.9 (68.2, 71.6) | 71.2 (69.5, 72.9) | 59.3 (52.1, 66.5) | 61.7 (54.4, 68.9) | |
| Dental insurance | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 52.9 (50.9, 54.8) | 54.2 (52.1, 56.2) | 45.9 (39.7, 52.1) | 35.2 (25.7, 44.6) | |
| No | 47.1 (45.2, 49.1) | 45.8 (43.8, 47.9) | 54.1 (47.9, 60.3) | 64.8 (55.4, 74.3) | |
| Employment status | 0.017 | ||||
| Employed | 68.7 (67.2, 70.2) | 69.1 (67.5, 70.8) | 67.5 (62.9, 72.2) | 58.5 (51.2, 65.9) | |
| Not Employed | 31.3 (29.8, 32.8) | 30.9 (29.2, 32.5) | 32.5 (27.8, 37.1) | 41.5 (34.1, 48.8) | |
| Health status | <.001 | ||||
| Excellent/very good | 63.9 (62.6, 65.2) | 64.9 (63.5, 66.4) | 53.5 (49.3, 57.7) | 63.1 (54, 72.2) | |
| Good | 26.3 (25.2, 27.4) | 26 (24.8, 27.1) | 31.2 (27, 35.3) | 23.4 (15.1, 31.7) | |
| Fair/Poor | 9.8 (9.0, 10.6) | 9.1 (8.3, 9.9) | 15.3 (10.8, 19.9) | 13.5 (8.1, 18.9) | |
| County level variables | |||||
| County unemployment rate (Mean)a | 5.5 (5.4, 5.5) | 5.4 (5.3, 5.6) | 5.6 (5.5, 5.8) | 5.3 (5.2, 5.5) | 0.007 |
| Median household income (Mean) ($1000) a | 49.5(49.1, 50.0) | 56.8 (56.0, 57.6) | 45.0 (44.5, 45.6) | 45.5(44.8, 46.1) | <.001 |
| Percentage of county residents with less than high school (Mean)a | 14.5 (14.3, 14.8) | 13.4 (13.1, 13.8) | 16.0 (15.6, 16.4) | 14.5 (14.0, 14.9) | <.001 |
| County black population rate (Mean) a | 9.0 (8.5, 9.5) | 11.0 (10.2, 11.7) | 9.8 (8.8, 10.8) | 5.4 (4.6, 6.2) | <.001 |
| FQHC | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 92.0 (89.8, 94.1) | 95.1 (93.4, 96.7) | 74.9 (61.2, 88.6) | 51.1 (25.9, 76.4) | |
| No | 8.0 (6.6, 11.2) | 4.9 (3.3-6.6) | 25.1 (11.4-38.8) | 48.9 (23.6-74.1) | |
| DHPSA | <.001 | ||||
| Whole county | 1.6 (0.9, 2.3) | 0.7 (0.3, 1) | 7.7 (2, 13.4) | 10.5 (0.4, 20.6) | |
| Part county | 84.2 (80.7, 87.7) | 87 (83.3, 90.6) | 62.7 (47.5, 77.9) | 66 (42, 90) | |
| No | 14.2 (10.8, 17.6) | 12.4 (8.8, 16) | 29.6 (14.3, 45) | 23.5 (0, 47) | |
| Region | 0.048 | ||||
| Northeast | 19.5 (17.5, 21.5) | 20.5 (18.5, 22.5) | 12.1 (2.7, 21.6) | 11.9 (0, 30) | |
| Midwest | 22.7 (20.2, 25.1) | 21.2 (18.5, 23.8) | 28.7 (15.5, 41.9) | 48.2 (24.1, 72.3) | |
| South | 32 (29.7, 34.3) | 31.3 (28.8, 33.9) | 38.4 (25.2, 51.5) | 33.2 (13.8, 52.5) | |
| West | 25.8 (23.5, 28.2) | 27 (24.4, 29.7) | 20.8 (9, 32.7) | 6.8 (0, 14.7) | |
| Outcome variables | |||||
| Dental visits | 0.576 | ||||
| 1 | 42.1 (40.6, 43.6) | 42.0 (40.4, 43.6) | 42.3 (35.9, 48.6) | 45.1 (36.5, 53.8) | |
| 2 | 31.2 (30, 32.5) | 31.1 (29.8, 32.5) | 30.7 (26.8, 34.5) | 34.6 (26.9, 42.2) | |
| 3+ | 26.7 (25.4, 28) | 26.9 (25.5, 28.3) | 27.1 (22.6, 31.5) | 20.3 (13.3, 27.3) | |
| Preventive procedures | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 82.2 (81.2, 83.3) | 83.0 (82.0, 84.1) | 78.3 (74.3, 82.2) | 70.9 (61.5, 80.3) | |
| No | 17.8 (16.7, 18.8) | 17.0 (15.9, 18.0) | 21.7 (17.8, 25.7) | 29.1 (19.7, 38.5) | |
| Treatment Procedures | 0.226 | ||||
| Yes | 43.4 (41.9, 44.9) | 42.9 (41.3, 44.5) | 46.6 (42, 51.2) | 48.5 (38.2, 58.8) | |
| No | 56.6 (55.1, 58.1) | 57.1 (55.5, 58.7) | 53.4 (48.8, 58) | 51.5 (41.2, 61.8) | |
FPL=federal poverty line