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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 2.
Published in final edited form as: Circulation. 2020 Nov 17;143(5):427–437. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051863

Table 2.

Total guideline-directed medical therapy intensifications per patient from pre-clinic visit to 30 days later.

Treatment mean(sd) intensifications N = 145 Control mean(sd) intensifications N = 145 Estimate (95% CI) incidence rate ratio p-value
Number of GDMT intensifications (initiation or dose increase EVBB, ACEI, ARB, ARNI, MRA, H/ISDN, or ivabradine) 0.61 (0.73) 0.36 (0.61) 1.7 (1.2, 2.4) 0.002
Number of all intensifications (including GDMT plus initiation or uptitration of loop diuretic or digoxin) 0.63 (0.73) 0.38 (0.62) 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) 0.002

ACE-I=angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB= angiotensin receptor blockers; ARNI= angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors; EVBB=evidence-based beta blocker; GDMT=guideline-directed medical therapy; H/ISDN=hydralazine/isosorbide dinitrate; MRA=mineralocorticoid receptor agonists

P values from Poisson model with fixed effect for clinic.