Table 1.
Neuropsychiatric syndromes and symptoms included in diagnostic criteria for NDD.
| Neurodegenerative Disorder | Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Syndromes Included in Diagnostic Criteria |
|---|---|
| Major neurocognitive disorder (DSM) | Social cognition including recognition of emotions, theory of mind, and insight |
| Dementia (NIA-AA) | Changes in personality, behavior, or comportment |
| Mild neurocognitive disorder (DSM) | None |
| Mild cognitive impairment (NIA-AA) | None |
| Major neurocognitive disorder due to Alzheimer’s disease (DSM) | social cognition including recognition of emotions, theory of mind, and insight |
| Alzheimer’s disease dementia (NIA-AA) | Changes in personality, behavior, or comportment |
| Mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease (NIA-AA) | None |
| Mild Behavioral Impairment (MBI) | Decreased motivation; affective dysregulation; impulse dyscontrol; social inappropriateness; abnormal perception or thought content |
| IWG AD dementia; frontal variant | Apathy, disinhibition |
| IWG prodromal AD; frontal variant | Apathy, disinhibition |
| Dementia with Lewy bodies | Recurrent visual hallucinations |
| Prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies | Recurrent visual hallucinations |
| Psychiatric onset dementia with Lewy bodies | Visual hallucinations, hallucinations in other sensory modalities, systematized delusions including Capgras syndrome, apathy, anxiety, and depression |
| Parkinson’s disease dementia | None |
| Parkinson’s disease mild cognitive impairment | None |
| Behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia | Behavior disinhibition; apathy/inertia; loss of sympathy or empathy; perseverative, stereotyped, or compulsive/ritualistic behavior; hyperorality and dietary changes |
| Nonfluent primary progressive aphasia | None |
| Semantic variant primary progressive aphasia | None |
| Progressive supranuclear palsy | Frontal cognitive/behavioral syndrome |
| Corticobasal degeneration | Frontotemporal syndrome |
| Traumataic encelphalopathy syndrome | Behavioral dysregulation; mood changes |
| Huntington’s disease | Social cognition including recognition of emotions, theory of mind, and insight (from DSM) |
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | None |
DSM – Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition; IWG – International Work Group; NIA-AA – National Institute on Aging – Alzheimer’s Association