Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included participants by different life phase of early age when exposed to the Chinese GLF.
| Characteristics |
Non-exposed (n = 688) |
Fetal exposed (n = 650) |
Early-childhood exposed (n = 922) |
Mid-childhood exposed (n = 1,109) |
Late-childhood exposed (n = 1,194) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men, n (%) | 493 (71.66%) | 475 (73.08%) | 638 (69.2%) | 795 (71.69%) | 770 (64.49%) | <0.001 |
| mRS prior to current event, median (IQR) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | 0 (0-1) | <0.001 |
| Age (y), median (IQR) | 49 (49–50) | 52 (52–53) | 55 (55–56) | 57 (57–58) | 60 (59–60) | <0.001 |
| Prior antiplatelet use, n (%) | 106 (15.41%) | 119 (18.31%) | 157 (17.03%) | 210 (18.94%) | 211 (17.67%) | 0.39 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||||
| Ischemic stroke | 170 (24.71%) | 185 (28.46%) | 252 (27.33%) | 319 (28.76%) | 339 (28.39%) | 0.38 |
| TIA | 28 (4.07%) | 35 (5.38%) | 48 (5.21%) | 51 (4.6%) | 48 (4.02%) | 0.55 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 7 (1.02%) | 20 (3.08%) | 29 (3.15%) | 32 (2.89%) | 33 (2.76%) | 0.07 |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.15%) | 2 (0.22%) | 2 (0.18%) | 2 (0.17%) | 0.85 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 25 (3.63%) | 26 (4.00%) | 35 (3.80%) | 46 (4.15%) | 63 (5.28%) | 0.37 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 110 (15.99%) | 155 (23.85%) | 196 (21.26%) | 220 (19.84%) | 265 (22.19%) | <0.01 |
| Hypertension | 425 (61.77%) | 412 (63.38%) | 594 (64.43%) | 711 (64.11%) | 745 (62.4%) | 0.75 |
| Dyslipidemia | 80 (11.63%) | 89 (13.69%) | 115 (12.47%) | 146 (13.17%) | 142 (11.89%) | 0.71 |
| Myocardial infarction | 12 (1.74%) | 20 (3.08%) | 14 (1.52%) | 24 (2.16%) | 22 (1.84) | 0.25 |
| Perivascular disease | 20 (2.91%) | 26 (4%) | 42 (4.56%) | 50 (4.51%) | 51 (4.27%) | 0.48 |
| Dementia | 1 (0.15%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.11%) | 1 (0.09%) | 0 (0%) | 0.69 |
| Mental disturbance | 3 (0.44%) | 3 (0.46%) | 2 (0.22%) | 3 (0.27%) | 2 (0.17%) | 0.73 |
| Liver or kidney insufficiency | 1 (0.15%) | 3 (0.46%) | 8 (0.87%) | 7 (0.63%) | 9 (0.75%) | 0.39 |
| Prosthetic heart valve | 2 (0.29%) | 2 (0.31%) | 2 (0.22%) | 1 (0.09%) | 7 (0.59%) | 0.29 |
| Ever smoke | 390 (56.69%) | 396 (60.92%) | 501 (54.33%) | 624 (56.27%) | 571 (47.82%) | <0.001 |
| Drinking history | 309 (44.91%) | 287 (44.15%) | 349 (37.85%) | 424 (38.23%) | 381 (31.91%) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory results, median (IQR) | ||||||
| BUN, mmol/L | 4.72 (3.79-5.80) | 4.78 (3.91-5.95) | 4.84 (4.00-5.87) | 4.96 (4.09-6.00) | 5.00 (4.19-6.00) | <0.001 |
| CR, umol/L | 66 (55.20-77.00) | 68 (57.40-79.20) | 68 (56.00-80.80) | 68 (57.00-81.00) | 68 (58.00-81.00) | 0.03 |
| CRP, mg/L | 3.78 (1.58-6.30) | 3.85 (1.41-7.50) | 3.72 (1.80-7.10) | 4.00 (2.00-6.50) | 3.40 (1.56-6.30) | 0.79 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.46 (4.80-6.48) | 5.52 (4.99-7.21) | 5.57 (4.88-7.10) | 5.50 (4.86-6.70) | 5.59 (4.89-7.20) | 0.02 |
| HCY, umol/ml | 14.70 (10.53-21.60) | 15.00 (10.60-22.60) | 14.30 (10.60-21.07) | 14.66 (10.86-20.15) | 15.10 (10.80-21.65) | 0.82 |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.72 (2.18-3.26) | 2.81 (2.22-3.40) | 2.84 (2.25-3.44) | 2.82 (2.25-3.36) | 2.77 (2.24-3.38) | 0.07 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.11 (0.93-1.31) | 1.08 (0.93-1.28) | 1.13 (0.95-1.32) | 1.11 (0.95-1.34) | 1.13 (0.96-1.36) | 0.04 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.51 (1.07-2.17) | 1.57 (1.09-2.26) | 1.51 (1.04-2.21) | 1.49 (1.08-2.18) | 1.44 (1.03-2.10) | 0.03 |
| BMI | 24.22 (22.60-26.42) | 24.22 (22.86-26.12) | 24.13 (22.49-26.12) | 24.14 (22.55-25.82) | 24.14 (22.49-25.95) | 0.02 |
| Stroke severity, median (IQR) | 3 (2-6) | 4 (2-6) | 4 (2-6) | 3 (2-6) | 4 (2-7) | 0.63 |
Mrs, indicates modified Rankin Scale; IQR, indicates interquartile range; TIA, indicates transient ischemic attack; BUN, indicates blood urea nitrogen; CR, indicates creatinine; CRP, indicates C-Reactive Protein; HCY, indicates homocysteine; LDL-C, indicates low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, indicates high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG, indicates triglyceride; BMI, indicates body mass index.