Table 3.
Parameter estimates for parallel growth models involving cannabis, tobacco and alcohol use during adolescence (14–18) and opioid use in young adulthood (19–26) (n = 583).
| Beta (SE) | P | |
|---|---|---|
| Cannabis intercepta | – | – |
| Cannabis linear slope | 1.91 (1.21) | 0.114 |
| Cannabis quadratic slope | −0.29 (0.28) | 0.302 |
| Tobacco intercepta | – | – |
| Tobacco linear slope | 1.28 (0.71) | 0.073 |
| Tobacco quadratic slope | −0.26 (0.21) | 0.223 |
| Alcohol intercepta | – | – |
| Alcohol linear slope | 2.66 (0.73) | < 0.005 |
| Alcohol quadratic slope | −0.49 (0.16) | 0.002 |
| Opioid intercepta | – | – |
| Cannabis intercept → opioid intercept | 1.43 (0.65) | 0.028 |
| Cannabis linear slope → opioid intercept | 1.09 (0.65) | 0.093 |
| Cannabis quadratic slope → opioid intercept | −0.15 (0.16) | 0.368 |
| Tobacco intercept → opioid intercept | 0.82 (0.41) | 0.042 |
| Tobacco linear slope → opioid intercept | 0.21 (0.32) | 0.521 |
| Tobacco quadratic slope → opioid intercept | 0.15 (0.08) | 0.052 |
| Alcohol intercept → opioid intercept | 0.81 (0.44) | 0.068 |
| Alcohol linear slope → opioid intercept | 0.33 (0.40) | 0.402 |
| Alcohol quadratic slope → opioid intercept | −0.06 (0.09) | 0.472 |
Opioid use growth model adjusted for participant gender, race, intervention status, free/reduced-priced lunch status and age 14 tobacco and alcohol use.
a
In the parameterization of the growth models, the intercept growth factors are fixed at zero as the default. Parameters related to the research questions investigated are italicized.