Table 2:
Pooled prevalence estimates for each type of childhood maltreatment in people with opioid use disorder stratified by sample characteristics
| Sexual Abuse (Women) | Sexual Abuse (Men) | Physical Abuse | Emotional Abuse | Physical Neglect | Emotional Neglect | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strata | Study (k) (Total N) | Estimate (95%CI) p-value | I2 | Study (k) (Total N) | Estimate (95%CI) p-value | I2 | Study (k) (Total N) | Estimate (95%CI) p-value | I2 | Study (k) (Total N) | Estimate (95%CI) p-value | I2 | Study (k) (Total N) | Estimate (95%CI) p-value | I2 | Study (k) (Total N) | Estimate (95%CI) p-value | I2 |
| Community Sample Estimates (95%CI)1 | k=193 | 18 (16–20) | - | k=104 | 8 (6–9) | - | k=157 | 23 (20–26) | - | k=42 | 36 (28–45) | k=13 | 16 (12–22) | - | k=18 | 18 (13–25) | - | |
| Sex | - | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | - | - | - | - | - | - | 48 (18324) | 38 (33–44) | 99 | 33 (11030) | 43 (38–49) | 97 | 17 (7504) | 38 (30–45) | 96 | 17 (6964) | 42 (32–51) | 99 |
| p<0.01* | p=0.40 | p=0.04* | p=0.38 | p=0.29 | ||||||||||||||
| Men | - | - | - | 25 (9940) | 16 (12–20) | 97 | 23 (9438) | 36 (27–46) | 99 | 15 (5847) | 39 (31–48) | 98 | 12 (4121) | 34 (25–44) | 98 | 11 (3960) | 38 (24–51) | 99 |
| Women | 38 (8478) | 41 (36–47) | 96 | - | - | - | 35 (7418) | 41 (35–47) | 97 | 19 (3735) | 50 (44–57) | 94 | 13 (2793) | 40 (32–49) | 95 | 11 (2458) | 45 (32–57) | 98 |
| Lifetime injecting history of sample | p=0.01* | p=0.01* | p<0.01* | p=0.68 | p<0.01* | p<0.01* | ||||||||||||
| <100% | 4 (658) | 25 (12–39) | 92 | 4 (1429) | 12 (6–18) | 92 | 7 (2426) | 30 (23–38) | 93 | 3 (915) | 41 (14–68) | 99 | 2 (513) | 18 (15–21) | - | 2 (463) | 44 (40–49) | - |
| 100% | 8 (2222) | 49 (36–61) | 97 | 4 (2443) | 27 (17–36) | 95 | 9 (4884) | 51 (40–63) | 98 | 7 (4423) | 47 (39–56) | 96 | 4 (3792) | 40 (32–47) | 95 | 5 (3775) | 58 (50–67) | 95 |
| Recruitment Setting | p=0.56 | p=0.56 | p=0.12 | p<0.01* | p<0.01* | p<0.01* | ||||||||||||
| General population subsample | 3 (699) | 41 (33–49) | - | 2 (740) | 13 (11–15) | - | 2 (1397) | 38 (36–41) | - | 2 (1128) | 26 (23–29) | - | 2 (1397) | 49 (46–52) | - | 2 (1397) | 19 (17–21) | - |
| CNCP patients with OUD | 1 (178) | 46 (39–54) | - | 1 (203) | 22 (16–28) | - | 1 (381) | 43 (38–48) | - | 1 (380) | 55 (50–60) | - | 1 (400) | 17 (13–21) | - | - | - | - |
| OUD treatment settings2 | 26 (5971) | 39 (32–47) | 97 | 17 (7120) | 14 (10–18) | 98 | 34 (12780) | 35 (28–42) | 99 | 21 (6308) | 42 (36–49) | 96 | 9 (2783) | 30 (20–39) | 96 | 11 (3092) | 41 (28–54) | 98 |
| Non-Treatment Settings3 | 8 (1630) | 46 (37–54) | 91 | 5 (1877) | 22 (12–32) | 95 | 11 (3766) | 47 (36–58) | 98 | 7 (3214) | 50 (40–60) | 95 | 5 (2924) | 52 (34–70) | 98 | 4 (2475) | 56 (44–68) | 92 |
Table Notes:
*
=Significant (<0.05) results subgroup comparison from stratified meta-analysis;
1
Estimates from series of meta-analyses by Stoltenborgh et al.1;
Abbreviations:
2
Treatment settings include Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT), rehabilitation, and other inpatient services;
3
Non-Treatment Settings include harm reduction services, community samples of people who inject drugs, and prisons; k=number of studies, CNCP=Chronic Non-Cancer Pain