Table 1.

COVID-19 in children with chronic respiratory illness and respiratory co-morbidities.

Chronic lung disease
Bronchiolitis obliterans	Chronic obstructive lung disease associated with severe COVID-19 in European children (7, 30). Chronic lung disease a common co-morbidity in those admitted with COVID-19 in Europe (7, 31).
Bronchiectasis	No published data on bronchiectasis in pediatric COVID-19.
Asthma	No increased risk for COVID-19 related hospitalization nor ICU admission (32, 33). Decreased asthma admissions reported in some centers (34, 35). Uncontrolled asthma a risk for COVID-19 related mortality adults (10); highlighting importance of good asthma control.
Cystic fibrosis	Not associated with severe COVID-19 disease (36, 37).
Interstitial lung disease	Impact in children with ILD unknown. Increased COVID related mortality in adults with ILD suggests caution (38). Severe COVID-19 pneumonia is a cause of diffuse alveolar damage and fibrosis. Restrictive lung function and decreased gas diffusion reported in adults after severe COVID-19 pneumonia (39).
Co-morbidities
Tracheostomies	No published data on increased risk for COVID-19 infection or severe disease in children with tracheostomies. Any risk likely associated with underlying condition
Tuberculosis	Tuberculosis, current or previous, has been associated with COVID-19 morbidity in South African adults (40); data not currently available in children. Clinical experience in children to date does not indicate that tuberculosis, infection or disease, is a major risk factors for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Data analysis is ongoing.
HIV infection	HIV infection is risk factor for COVID-19 severity in Africa (40); data not currently available in children. Clinical experience in children to date does not indicate that HIV nor HIV exposure are major risk factors for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Data analysis is ongoing.