Table 2.
Distribution of nine PFAS concentrations (ng/mL) in 266 maternal serum samples collected from 173 mother-child pairs.
| PFAS a | LOD (ng/mL) |
% detect |
All children (n = 173) | ASD (n = 57) | TD (n = 116) | p- value a |
NHANES pregnant women median b |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentiles | Percentiles | Percentiles | |||||||||||
| 5th | 50th | 95th | 5th | 50th | 95th | 5th | 50th | 95th | |||||
| PFOA | 0.1 | 100 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 2.3 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 0.02 | 1.3 |
| PFOS | 0.1 | 100 | 1.1 | 3.0 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 7.0 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 6.7 | 0.23 | 3.7 |
| PFHxS | 0.1 | 99 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.45 | 0.6 |
| PFNA | 0.1 | 99.6 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 0.32 | 0.6 |
| PFDA | 0.1 | 83 | <LOD | 0.1 | 0.4 | <LOD | 0.1 | 0.4 | <LOD | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.78 | 0.2 |
| PFUnDA | 0.1 | 60 | <LOD | 0.1 | 0.3 | <LOD | 0.1 | 0.4 | <LOD | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.46 | <LOD |
| PFDoDA | 0.1 | 34 | <LOD | <LOD | 0.1 | <LOD | <LOD | 0.1 | <LOD | <LOD | 0.1 | 0.64 | <LOD |
| MeFOSAA | 0.1 | 57 | <LOD | 0.1 | 0.8 | <LOD | 0.1 | 1.1 | <LOD | 0.1 | 0.7 | 0.58 | 0.1 |
| EtFOSAA | 0.1 | 4 | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | <LOD | 0.46 | <LOD |
P-value from the Wilcoxon rank-sum test comparing ASD and TD groups.
Median PFAS concentrations of pregnant women from 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014 NHANES (n = 61).
Abbreviation: autism spectrum disorder (ASD), limit of detection (LOD), NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA), perfluorododecanoate (PFDA), 2-(N-ethyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (EtFOSAA), 2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate (MeFOSAA), typical development (TD)