. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2020 Dec 13;1875(1):188490. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188490

Table 2.

Major Gut Microbiota Associated with the Occurrence and Development of CRC

Microbiota	Model	Association with CRC	REFs
F. nucleatum	CRC xenograft mouse model	Promotes metastasis by activating autophagy signaling.	[108]
	Apc^Min/+ mice	Modulates the tumor immune microenvironment via FadA that activates the β-catenin pathway.	[131]
	Human umbilical vein endothelial cells	Secretes FadA that binds endothelial cell surface cadherins.	[132]
Enterococcus Faecalis	IL10^−/− mice	Secretes the metalloprotease gelatinase that compromises the epithelial barrier.	[133]
Enterococcus Faecalis	Rat intestinal colonization model	Produces the reactive oxygen species extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide that cause epithelial cell DNA damage.	[134]
B. fragilis	Apc^Min/+ mice	Mediates colitis and tumorigenesis.	[135]
B. fragilis	HT29/C1 cells	Secretes the BFT toxin that stimulates E-cadherin cleavage and facilitates CRC metastasis.	[136]
E. coli	Apc^Min/+ mice	Triggers a pro-carcinogenic multi-step inflammatory cascade.	[137]
	Mice intestinal loop model	Induces DNA damage in vivo and triggers genomic instability in mammalian epithelial cells.	[138]
	Apc^Min/+ mice	Secretes colibactin that induces autophagy.	[78]
Streptococcus gallolyticus	AOM CRC model	Increases β-catenin nuclear localization and c-Myc and cyclin D1 expression.	[139]
Escherichia coli NC101	AOM/IL10^−/− mice	Produces colibactin that induces CRC.	[140]
Clostridium nexile	Not yet identified	Contributes to the anticancer effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa.	[141]
Clostridium septicum	Not yet identified	Produces alpha toxin that binds GPI-anchored cell surface receptors.	[142]
Lactobacillus casei BL23	AOM/DSS CRC model	Downregulates IL-22 that mediates an immunomodulatory effect.	[143]
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii	Colitis mouse model	Induces IL-10 that protects against cancer formation.	[144]
Streptococcus bovis	AOM CRC model	Produces inflammatory cytokines that promotes colon lesions.	[145]
Eubacterium rectale	Colitis-induced CRC mice model	Produces butyrate to induce the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.	[146, 147]