Table 1.

The clinical questions/PICOs addressed in this review. Questions #1 to #5 and #7 were answered on the basis of the articles identified in the first literature search. An additional literature search was performed to answer question #6 (online supplemental A)

#	Clinical question	P	I	C	O
1	What strategies are efficacious in facilitating adherent behaviour?	Adults with any RMD	Any intervention or strategy managing non-adherence	SoC or other strategy	Adherence
2	What are the factors (barriers, facilitators) that need to be considered to minimise or reduce non-adherence?		–	–	Barriers and facilitators of adherence
3	What is the impact of SDM and of effective communication on non-adherence?		SDM and effective communication	–	Adherence
4	What are the practical things we can do in order to prevent non-adherence?		Effective interventions or strategies for enhancing adherence	–	Components of intervention
5	What are the effects of non-adherence on outcome?		(Non-)Adherence	–	Outcome: Treatment effect, Function Disability Structural damage Fracture
6	How is non-adherence screened/detected?		Measurement or screening instruments	–	Screening performance Metric properties
7	Which healthcare providers are responsible for managing non-adherence?		Effective interventions or strategies for enhancing adherence	–	Health-care provider performing intervention

PICO, Population; Intervention/factor; Comparator; Outcome; RMD, rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease; SoC, standard of care; SDM, shared decision making.