FIGURE 1.

Stability of the opium alkaloids morphine, codeine, and thebaine in a model baked product. Poppy seed muffins were baked at 200°C for 16 min, extracted, and then analyzed using LC-MS/MS. (A) Muffin baked with 5 g poppy seeds incorporated in batter; (B) muffin baked with surface addition of 2.5 g poppy seeds. Values are shown as means ± SD (n = 3 independent replicates). No significant differences were detected using a two-tailed paired t-test (p > 0.05). Adapted with permission from Shetge et al. (2020). Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society.