Table 3.

A list of potential lncRNAs that can be therapeutic targeted in cancer

lncRNA	Function	Reported cancer type	Mechanism	REF
ANRIL	Oncogene	Bladder, lung, liver, cervical, stomach	Interacts with PRC2 and CBX7	[207]
BANCER	Oncogene	Stomach, skin	Promotes proliferation and metastasis via regulation of NF-kB1, p21, MAPK pathways	[208, 209]
CCAT1-L	Oncogene	Colon	Transcriptionally regulates MYC and promotes long-range chromatin looping	[210]
CCAT2	Oncogene	Esophagus, stomach, breast, colon	Enhances Wnt signaling pathway via TCF7L2 interaction	[211–213]
CRNDE	Oncogene	Colon	Negatively regulated by insulin and insulin-like growth factors and may regulate the expression of genes involved in metabolism	[214]
HCP5	Oncogene	Stomach	Sequesters miR-3619-5p and upregulates PPARGC1A, which Induces stemness and drug resistance	[215]
HOTAIR	Oncogene	Esophagus, stomach, colon, liver, lung, breast, ovary, bladder, prostate, glioma, melanoma	Serves as a scaffold to assemble PRC2 and LSD1 complexes to the HOXD gene cluster. Epigenetic silencing of HOXD genes in multiple tissues	[216]
HULC	Oncogene	Liver, pancreas	Modulates abnormal lipid metabolism through miR-9-mediated RXRA signaling pathway	[217, 218]
lincRNA-ATB	Oncogene	Liver, breast, colon, pancreas	miR-200 family sponge. Upregulates ZEB1 and ZEB2.	[219]
lincRNA-ROR	Oncogene	Breast	Competitive endogenous RNA for miR-145	[220, 221]
MALAT 1	Oncogene	Lung, prostate colon, liver	Forms molecular scaffolds for ribonucleoprotein complexes in the nucleus. Transcriptional regulator for genes involved in cell cycle regulation, cancer metastasis, and cell migration.	[222–224]
MCF2L-AS1	Oncogene	Colon	Enhances cell proliferation and invasion through crosstalk with miR-874-3p/FOXM1 signaling axis	[133]
PCA3	Oncogene	Prostate	Enhances cell proliferation through regulation of PRUNE2	[225]
PRNCR 1 (PCAT8)	Oncogene	Colon, prostate	Binds to the androgen receptor and enhances ligand-dependent and ligand-independent androgen-receptor-mediated gene activation and increases proliferation	[226, 227]
PVT-1	Oncogene	Breast, bladder, colon, kidney, pancreas	Regulates MYC oncogene	[228]
UCA1	Oncogene	Colon, bladder, breast, esophagus, stomach, liver, skin	Regulates CREB	[229]
GAS5	Tumor suppressor	Breast, prostate, lung	Encodes glucocorticoid response element, which binds to the DNA binding domain and blocks the activity of glucocorticoid receptor, androgen, progesterone, and mineralocorticoid.	[230]
H19	Tumor suppressor	Breast, lung, pancreas, stomach, bladder, prostate, colon, skin	Cancer metastasis tumor suppressor and generates miR-675	[231]
lincRNA-p21	Tumor suppressor	Colon	Enhances p21 activity	[232]
MEG3	Tumor suppressor	Brain, bladder, bone marrow, breast, colon, liver, lung, prostate	Interacts with the tumor suppressor p53 and regulates its target gene expression.	[233]
ncRuPAR	Tumor suppressor	Colon, stomach	Inhibits tumor progression by downregulation of protease-activated receptor-1(PAR-1)	[210]
TUG1	Tumor suppressor	Bladder, esophagus	Regulates miR-145. Suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and radio-resistance.	[229, 234]