Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population
| Clinical characteristics | Original EISNER (n = 1424) | Current substudy (n = 1069) | Event (n = 50) | No event (n = 1019) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 56.9±8.9 | 58.2±8.2 | 63.8±10.2 | 57.9±8.0 | <0.0001 |
| Male gender | 784 (55.1) | 558 (52.2) | 28 (56.0) | 530 (52.0) | 0.60 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.1±5.1 | 27.5±5.3 | 28.5±5.9 | 27.5±5.3 | 0.30 |
| Hypertension | 751 (52.7) | 589 (55.1) | 39 (78.0) | 550 (54.0) | 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 978 (68.7) | 720 (67.4) | 37 (74.0) | 683 (67.0) | 0.30 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 94 (6.6) | 70 (6.5) | 3 (6.0) | 67 (6.6) | 0.87 |
| Smoking | 92 (6.5) | 69 (6.5) | 3 (6.0) | 66 (6.5) | 0.89 |
| Family history | 414 (29.1) | 301 (28.2) | 16 (32.0) | 285 (28.0) | 0.56 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.4±18.0 | 132.2±17.4 | 146.3±25.6 | 131.5±16.6 | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 79.3±11.5 | 81.7±10.7 | 84.4±11.2 | 81.6±10.7 | 0.07 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 212.4±41.2 | 215.4141.9 | 223.0135.9 | 215142.2 | 0.19 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 55.0±17.1 | 54.4±16.7 | 51.1±15.9 | 54.5±16.8 | 0.16 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 132.6±38.4 | 135.6±39.6 | 150.9±57.8 | 134.8±38.3 | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 106.0 (76.0–153.0) | 111.0 (79.0–156.8) | 136.0 (95.6–161.5) | 108.0 (78.0–156.3) | 0.19 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 95.8±17.4 | 94.6±16.1 | 98.2±14.9 | 94.4±16.1 | 0.10 |
| ASCVD risk score (%) | 6.1 (3.1–10.6) | 6.3 (3.4–11.4) | 15.0 (7.7–26.0) | 6.0 (3.3–11.0) | <0.0001 |
| Medications | |||||
| Beta blockers | 77 (5.4) | 70 (6.5) | 8 (16.0) | 62 (6.1) | 0.01 |
| ACE-I or ARB | 206 (14.5) | 167 (15.6) | 11 (22.0) | 157 (15.4) | 0.03 |
| Statin | 326 (22.9) | 255 (23.9) | 11 (22.0) | 244 (23.9) | 0.76 |
| Antihyperglycemic | 46 (3.2) | 31 (2.9) | 2 (4.5) | 29 (2.8) | 0.08 |
| Aspirin | 147 (10.3) | 131 (12.3) | 11 (21.3) | 120 (11.8) | 0.05 |
| Quantitative CT measures | |||||
| CAC score | 105.8±298.9 | 102.4±282.6 | 413.7±666.2 | 87.1±239.7 | <0.0001 |
| EAT volume (cm3)a | 87.5±40.0 | 90.4±40.9 | 111.4±43.8 | 89.3±40.5 | <0.0001 |
| EAT attenuation (HU)a | −74.2+4.8 | −74.7±4.9 | −76.8±4.6 | −74.6±4.9 | 0.002 |
Values are expressed as n (%), mean ± SD or median (IQR).
a
Data available in 1406 subjects from the original EISNER study.
ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; CAC, coronary artery calcium; EAT, epicardial adipose tissue; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HU, Hounsfield units; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.