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Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) in transcription initiation. PARP regulates transcription initiation by (a) promoting local chromatin loosening at active genes; (b) acting as a canonical transcription factor through direct binding of promoter sequences; (c) acting as a co‐factor for other transcription factors; (d) influencing long range chromatin structure; and (e) altering the DNA‐binding capabilities of transcription factors
