Table 2.
Characteristics of DR – TB patients with poor prognostic indicators.
| Characteristic | N = 1122 | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| DR –TB treatment site | ||
| National referral hospital | 321 | 28.6 |
| Regional referral hospital | 653 | 58.2 |
| District hospital | 148 | 13.2 |
| Age (years), n = 1080 | ||
| <15 | 27 | 2.5 |
| 15-34 | 454 | 42.0 |
| 35-60 | 543 | 50.3 |
| >60 | 56 | 5.2 |
| Residence, n = 1080 | ||
| Rural | 696 | 64.7 |
| Urban | 380 | 35.3 |
| Married, n = 1069 | 535 | 50.0 |
| Employment status, n = 1060 | ||
| Unemployed | 352 | 33.2 |
| Self employed | 475 | 44.8 |
| Formal employment | 233 | 22.0 |
| History of tuberculosis treatment | 663 | 59.1 |
| Hypertensive, n = 479 | 24 | 5.0 |
| Year of treatment initiation | ||
| ≤2013 | 101 | 9.0 |
| 2014 | 111 | 10.0 |
| 2015 | 154 | 13.9 |
| 2016 | 219 | 19.7 |
| 2017 | 248 | 22.3 |
| 2018 | 203 | 18.3 |
| 2019 | 76 | 6.8 |
| Type of DR-TB at Baseline | ||
| Rifampicin resistanceµ | 662 | 59.0 |
| MDR-TB | 418 | 37.3 |
| Poly resistant tuberculosis (TB)† | 24 | 2.1 |
| Pre- XDR-TB* | 12 | 1.1 |
| XDR-TB | 3 | 0.3 |
| Isoniazid mono-resistance | 3 | 0.3 |
| Resistance at baseline | % of cases | |
| Rifampicin | 1119 | 99.7 |
| Isoniazid | 427 | 38.1 |
| Streptomycin | 243 | 21.7 |
| Ethambutol | 217 | 19.3 |
| Pyrazinamide | 17 | 1.5 |
| Aminoglycoside | 13 | 1.2 |
| Fluroquinolone | 3 | 0.3 |
| Drugs in the treatment regimen | % of cases | |
| Ethionamide | 1100 | 98.3 |
| Pyrazinamide | 1098 | 98.1 |
| Kanamycin | 973 | 87.0 |
| Levofloxacin | 925 | 82.7 |
| Ethambutol | 214 | 19.1 |
| Clofazimine | 208 | 18.6 |
| High dose Isoniazid | 197 | 17.6 |
| Moxifloxacin | 196 | 17.5 |
| Capreomycin | 158 | 14.1 |
| Bedaquiline | 41 | 3.7 |
| Linezolid | 20 | 1.8 |
| P-Amino salicylic acid | 17 | 1.5 |
| Amikacin | 12 | 1.1 |
| Time to treatment initiation (days), median (IQR), n = 1096 | 9 (4–23) | |
| Time to smear conversion (months), mean (SD) | 1.7 (3.1) | |
| Total treatment duration (months), median (IQR) | 20 (9–21) |
IQR: interquartile range, SD: standard deviation, DR – TB: drug resistant tuberculosis, MDR – TB: multi drug resistant TB, XDR – TB: extensively drug resistant tuberculosis, *Pre-XDR – TB indicates MDR – TB with additional resistance to either an injectable aminoglycoside or fluroquinolone, †all had rifampicin resistance as well except one participant, µpatients had GeneXpert showing rifampicin resistance but subsequent phenotypic drug susceptibility testing was not performed due to negative baseline culture or was unavailable.