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. 2020 Aug 28;10(1):1–3. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.08.009

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© 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Shanghai University of Sport.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig 1 — Physical exercise may exert its potential curative effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD) via SIRT1–FOXO1/3–PINK1–Parkin-mediated mitophagy. NAD⁺/NADH ↑ means that the NAD⁺/NADH ratio is increased; SIRT1 ↑ means that SIRT1's activity is increased; FOXO1/3–PINK1–Parkin ↑ means that FOXO1/3–PINK1–Parkin signaling pathway is up-regulated. FOXO = forkhead box O; mt. = mitochondria; NAD⁺ = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADH = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced); PINK1 = phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) induced putative kinase 1; SIRT1 = Sirtuin1.