Table 1.

Descriptive statistics, internal consistency estimates, and bivariate analyses among study variables.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)
(1) Task-approach	—
(2) Self-approach (95%CI)	0.83 (0.79–0.86)	—
(3) Other approach (95%CI)	0.75 (0.70–0.79)	0.79 (0.74–0.83)	—
(4) Task-avoidance (95%CI)	0.68 (0.62–0.74)	0.76 (0.71–0.80)	0.79 (0.75–0.83)	—
(5) Self-avoidance (95%CI)	0.70 (0.64–0.75)	0.77 (0.72–0.81)	0.75 (0.70–0.79)	0.80 (0.76–0.84)	—
(6) Other avoidance (95%CI)	0.55 (0.47–0.62)	0.64 (0.57–0.70)	0.64 (0.57–0.70)	0.70 (0.64–0.75)	0.73 (0.67–0.78)	—
(7) Autonomous motivation (95%CI)	0.47 (0.38–0.55)	0.45 (0.36–0.53)	0.42 (0.32–0.51)	0.40 (0.30–0.49)	0.43 (0.33–0.52)	0.41 (0.31–0.50)	—
(8) Controlled motivation (95%CI)	0.21 (0.10–0.31)	0.19 (0.08–0.29)	0.27 (0.16–0.37)	0.26 (0.15–0.36)	0.23 (0.12–0.33)	0.31 (0.21–0.41)	0.29 (0.18–0.39)	—
(9) Mental toughness (95%CI)	0.38 (0.28–0.47)	0.42 (0.32–0.51)	0.39 (0.29–0.48)	0.39 (0.29–0.48)	0.33 (0.23–0.43)	0.35 (0.25–0.44)	0.47 (0.39–0.55)	0.15* (0.04–0.26)	—
Mean ± SD	15.95 ± 3.80	15.87 ± 3.92	16.57 ± 3.78	16.41 ± 3.78	16.18 ± 3.62	15.79 ± 3.84	29.84 ± 7.16	28.51 ± 7.37	39.65 ± 8.44
Skewness	−0.40	−0.43	−0.30	−0.20	−0.07	−0.16	0.20	−0.39	0.31
Kurtosis	−1.15	−1.10	−1.09	−1.12	−1.23	−0.88	−0.91	0.37	−0.71
ω	0.86	0.90	0.85	0.84	0.79	0.81	0.91	0.89	0.91

Abbreviation: CI = confidence interval.

^⁎p < 0.05. All other Pearson correlations statistically significant at p < 0.001.