Table 1.
Characteristics of CVT and non-CVT patients.
| Patients characteristics | CVT group, n = 26 | Non-CVT group, n = 2220 |
|---|---|---|
| Age IQR | 57 (48–69) | 58 (47–70) |
| Female | 14/26 (53%) | 1025/2087 (49%) |
| Predisposing conditions | ||
| Otitis media | 12/24 (50%) | 542/1958 (28%)a |
| Sinusitis | 6/24 (25%) | 232/1936 (12%) |
| ENT infection | 16/24 (67%) | 723/1307(36%)a |
| Symptoms and signs on admission | ||
| Headache | 19/23 (83%) | 1482/1810 (82%) |
| Nausea | 12/21 (57%) | 1025/1705 (60%) |
| Neck stiffness | 17/23 (74%) | 1456/1596 (91%) |
| Temperature ≥ 38°C | 17/23 (74%) | 1541/1966 (78%) |
| Triad of neck stiffness, fever and altered mental status | 10/21 (48%) | 753/1915 (39%) |
| Seizures pre admission | 2/25 (8%) | 161/2074 (8%) |
| Altered mental status GCS < 14 | 22/26 (85%) | 1532/1942 (79%) |
| Coma on admission GCS ≤ 8 | 8/15 (53%) | 427/2177 (20%)a |
| Focal neurological deficit | 10/26 (38%) | 701/2050 (34%) |
| Mastoid opacification on neuroimaging | 12/26 (46%) | 253/1042 (24%)a |
| CSF values | ||
| Leukocyte count, 106/L | 5244 (126–15,517) | 2961 (715–8336) |
| Leukocyte count < 10,00,106/L | 7/26 (27%) | 604/2075 (29%) |
| Protein, g/L | 4,7 (1–12) | 3,7 (2–6) |
| CSF-blood-glucose-ratio | 0,1 (0–0.5) | 0,1 (0–0.3) |
| Laboratory results on admission | ||
| Leukocyte count, 109/L | 21 (17–28) | 16 (12–22) |
| C-reactive protein, nmol/L | 2209 (828–3047) | 183 (79–298) |
| Thrombocyte count, 109/L | 222 (178–314) | 199 (149–255) |
| Prothrombin time sec | 13 (11–18) | 15 (12–21) |
| Symptoms in patients with CVT on admission, day 0, n = 15 | ||
| Seizures | 1/15 (6%) | |
| Abnormal eye movements | 3/15 (20%) | |
| Altered mental status GCS < 14 | 13/15 (87%) | |
| Coma GCS < 8 | 8/15 (53%) | |
| Impaired vision | 1/15 (6%) | |
| Focal neurological signs | 3/15 (20%) | |
| Symptoms in patients with CVT during admission, day ≥ 1, n = 11 | ||
| Seizures | 3/11 (27%) | |
| Abnormal eye movements | 2/11 (18%) | |
| Altered mental status GCS < 14 | 5/11 (45%) | |
| Coma GCS < 8 | 4/11 (36%) | |
| Hemianopia | 2/11 (18%) | |
| Hemiparesis | 5/11 (45%) | |
| Aphasia | 3/11 (27%) | |
| Focal neurological signs | 8/11 (73%) | |
| Complications | ||
| Seizures during admission | 6/26 (23%) | 288/2077 (14%) |
| Focal neurological deficit | 15/26 (58%) | 438/2004 (22%)a |
| Transfer to ICU | 12/26 (46%) | 837/2088 (40%) |
| Neuroimaging findings | ||
| Hypodensity | 10/26 (38%) | 251/1078 (23%) |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 2/26 (8%) | 44/215 (20%) |
| Outcome | ||
| Time to discharge in days IQR | 18 (12–28) | 15 (11–22) |
| Poor outcome (GOS < 5) | 14/26 (54%) | 799/2165 (37%) |
aStatistically significant difference (P < 0.05).