Skip to main content
. 2021 Feb 3;18:17. doi: 10.1186/s12986-020-00511-6

Table 2.

Outcome differences between CIMWM and TMWM groups during the 6-month follow-up perioda

Time (month) CIMWM TMWM p valueb
Weight loss ≥ 5% 1 30.9% (38/123) 24.4% (32/131) 0.249
2 68.3% (84/123) 49.6% (65/131) 0.003**
3 76.4% (94/123) 54.2% (71/131) < 0.001***
6 66.7% (82/123) 54.2% (71/131) 0.042*
△BMI (kg/m2) 1 − 1.14 ± 1.17 − 0.96 ± 1.05 0.437
2 − 2.08 ± 1.21 − 1.46 ± 3.84 0.013*
3 − 2.58 ± 1.51 − 1.88 ± 2.12 0.006**
6 − 2.44 ± 1.82 − 1.74 ± 2.59 0.006**
△BW (kg) 1 − 3.65 ± 2.31 − 3.06 ± 3.70 0.438
2 − 6.30 ± 5.62 − 5.42 ± 7.55 0.260
3 − 8.09 ± 6.57 − 5.77 ± 7.90 0.004**
6 − 7.42 ± 8.16 − 6.86 ± 10.67 0.461
△BFP (%) 1 − 1.13 ± 1.50 − 0.60 ± 1.45 0.062
2 − 1.82 ± 2.14 − 1.33 ± 2.46 0.085
3 − 2.43 ± 2.77 − 1.89 ± 2.52 0.058
6 − 2.74 ± 3.26 − 1.94 ± 3.02 0.006**
△BFM (kg) 1 − 2.26 ± 1.79 − 1.51 ± 1.72 0.055
2 − 3.40 ± 3.13 − 3.02 ± 4.20 0.284
3 − 4.64 ± 2.80 − 3.67 ± 4.21 0.015*
6 − 4.62 ± 3.54 − 3.36 ± 5.67 0.002**
△FFM (kg) 1 − 1.44 ± 1.86 − 1.43 ± 3.15 0.873
2 − 2.73 ± 4.73 − 2.25 ± 4.99 0.498
3 − 3.86 ± 6.52 − 2.14 ± 5.22 0.004**
6 − 2.86 ± 5.59 − 2.05 ± 5.15 0.203
△SMM (kg) 1 − 0.78 ± 1.41 − 0.80 ± 1.72 0.871
2 − 1.29 ± 2.40 − 1.21 ± 2.68 0.925
3 − 1.08 ± 4.47 − 1.11 ± 2.60 0.855
6 − 2.06 ± 4.71 − 1.48 ± 3.63 0.149
△VFA (cm2) 1 − 10.86 ± 19.05 − 6.84 ± 25.88 0.028*
2 − 17.00 ± 21.87 − 14.13 ± 36.58 0.067
3 − 22.38 ± 23.52 − 18.90 ± 36.28 0.043*
6 − 23.70 ± 28.21 − 20.45 ± 39.15 0.051
△(S/V) (kg/cm2) 1 0.01 ± 0.05 − 0.01 ± 0.22 0.061
2 0.03 ± 0.06 − 0.00 ± 0.22 0.012*
3 0.05 ± 0.07 0.01 ± 0.23 0.002**
6 0.04 ± 0.08 0.01 ± 0.22 0.008**
△WC (cm) 1 − 2.29 ± 7.22 − 1.35 ± 9.95 0.322
2 − 6.14 ± 11.56 − 4.19 ± 10.39 0.047*
3 − 7.12 ± 7.80 − 5.35 ± 11.78 0.071
6 − 7.33 ± 8.93 − 5.70 ± 12.25 0.095
△HC (cm) 1 − 2.13 ± 4.46 − 0.76 ± 9.84 0.218
2 − 4.34 ± 5.45 − 4.40 ± 14.24 0.833
3 − 5.71 ± 5.81 − 4.39 ± 13.94 0.241
6 − 4.95 ± 5.48 − 3.83 ± 11.09 0.329
△WHR 1 − 0.00 ± 0.07 − 0.06 ± 0.69 0.931
2 − 0.02 ± 0.10 − 0.04 ± 0.72 0.936
3 − 0.02 ± 0.08 − 0.05 ± 0.72 0.164
6 − 0.03 ± 0.08 − 0.07 ± 0.70 0.936
△SBP (mmHg) 1 − 4.92 ± 11.27 − 4.49 ± 12.44 0.483
2 − 6.38 ± 12.33 − 4.91 ± 13.47 0.136
3 − 7.11 ± 13.17 − 7.21 ± 12.97 0.772
6 − 6.66 ± 12.97 − 6.32 ± 13.64 0.531
△DBP (mmHg) 1 − 4.62 ± 10.17 − 4.33 ± 10.31 0.305
2 − 5.94 ± 9.98 − 4.34 ± 9.83 0.017*
3 − 6.24 ± 10.19 − 5.73 ± 10.53 0.208
6 − 5.64 ± 10.25 − 6.14 ± 10.52 0.829
△ALT (U/L) 3 − 14.40 ± 21.74 − 10.61 ± 24.03 0.836
6 − 14.86 ± 25.98 − 7.94 ± 31.41 0.156
△AST (U/L) 3 − 6.32 ± 10.49 − 4.50 ± 10.08 0.548
6 − 5.62 ± 12.86 − 2.48 ± 14.37 0.095
△TC (mmol/L) 3 − 0.43 ± 0.94 − 0.18 ± 0.85 0.025*
6 − 0.43 ± 0.97 − 0.16 ± 0.85 0.013*
△TG (mmol/L) 3 − 0.76 ± 1.79 − 0.60 ± 0.96 0.849
6 − 0.48 ± 1.63 − 0.30 ± 1.17 0.713
△HDL-C (mmol/L) 3 0.03 ± 0.23 0.02 ± 1.42 0.339
6 0.10 ± 0.27 0.02 ± 1.15 0.283
△LDL-C (mmol/L) 3 − 0.17 ± 0.65 − 0.06 ± 0.72 0.168
6 − 0.27 ± 0.67 − 0.15 ± 0.72 0.126
△Lp (a) (mg/L) 3 42.88 ± 149.61 49.15 ± 86.74 0.881
6 47.91 ± 193.69 25.69 ± 94.77 0.122
△FPG (mmol/L) 3 − 0.26 ± 0.74 − 0.19 ± 1.06 0.674
6 − 0.23 ± 0.91 − 0.18 ± 1.14 0.756
△Cr (µmol/L) 3 − 1.30 ± 9.39 0.70 ± 11.46 0.448
6 − 0.61 ± 11.08 − 0.97 ± 14.54 0.282
△UA (µmol/L) 3 5.25 ± 71.00 − 3.48 ± 102.55 0.097
6 − 34.21 ± 82.14 − 19.11 ± 95.79 0.361
△FINS (pmol/L) 3 − 67.95 ± 192.05 − 39.86 ± 76.70 0.229
6 − 62.95 ± 194.36 − 32.24 ± 73.93 0.107
△FCP (pmol/L) 3 − 385.4 ± 1244.23 − 120.41 ± 698.46 0.382
6 − 421.05 ± 1219.72 − 197.40 ± 450.50 0.872
△HbA1c (%) 3 − 0.17 ± 0.31 − 0.09 ± 0.36 0.117
6 − 0.04 ± 0.41 − 0.02 ± 0.45 0.885
△HOMA-IR 3 − 2.35 ± 6.01 − 1.37 ± 2.76 0.182
6 − 2.17 ± 6.08 − 1.12 ± 2.74 0.103
△NFS 3 0.01 ± 0.71 − 0.10 ± 0.86 0.749
6 − 0.02 ± 0.74 − 0.03 ± 1.02 0.649

BMI body mass index, BW body weight, BFP body fat percentage, BFM body fat mass, FFM fat-free mass, SMM skeletal muscle mass, VFA visceral fat area, S/V skeletal muscle mass-to-visceral fat area radio, WC waist circumference, HC hip circumference, WHR waist-to-hip ratio, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, TC total cholesterol, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, [Lp(a)]Lipoprotein(a), Cr creatinine, UA uric acid, FPG fasting plasma glucose, FINS fasting insulin, FCP fasting C peptide, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, NFS non-alcoholic fatty liver disease score, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance

aData are represented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and as percentages for categorical variables

bBetween-group differences were analyzed using mixed model controlling for baseline index; categorical variables of individuals with weight loss ≥ 5% were analyzed using chi-square analysis

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001