Figure 4.

Prophylactic anti-biofilm effect of ALBCs against vancomycin-resistant MSSA strain (A), vancomycin-resistant MRSE strain (B), clindamycin-resistant MSSA strain (C), and clindamycin-MRSE strain (D). Three independent experiments in technical experiments (three wells for each condition for each experiment) were performed. Non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed to compare the data at each day. A Dunn's multiple comparisons test was performed as follow-up test. For each day, *, **, ***, and **** above the plot mean p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.0001, respectively, in comparison with plain cement (control without antibiotic). For each day, $, $$, and $$$ mean p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively, in comparison with G cement.