Table 3b.
Reported complications in eyes implanted with anterior chamber iris-fixated phakic intraocular lenses
| Nr. Eyes [Nr. pt] | Follow-up (mo) | Exchange (%) | Explants (%) | Complication | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Cataract | EC loss | Retinal | Position Related | Other | ||||
| Artisan Myopia (Toric), Ophtec | |||||||||
| Budo, C., 2000[31] | 249 [NR] | 36 | NR | 2.8 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.8% Retinal Detachment | 10% uncentered pIOL, 0.8% pupillary block | 2.4% age related cataract, 1.6% hyphema, 0.8% persistent corneal edema |
| Asano-Kato, N., 2005[33] | 11 [NR] | 24 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4.5% pigment deposition on pIOL | |
| Bartels, M., 2006[34] | 20 [14] | 24 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1.85% Retinal Detachment | NR | 1.85% cataract |
| Benedetti, S., 2007[58] | 49 [30] | 60 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 16.8% iris atrophy, 8.2% pigment deposition on pIOL | NR |
| Moshirfar, M., 2007[38] | 38 [NR] | 24 | 1.18 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.4% pupil deformation | 4.2% pIOL repositioning, 1.18% surgery related cataract |
| Tahzib, N.G., 2007[39] | 89 [49] | 120 | NR | 2.25 | 2.25 | NR | NR | NR | 1.12% additional laser refractive correction |
| Guell, J. L., 2008[40] | 89 [NR] | 60 | NR | 1.25 | 0.5 | 0.75 | 0.25% Macular Hemorrhage, 0.25% Retinal Detachment | NR | 15.1% additional laser refractive correction |
| Guell, J. L., 2008[40] | 165 [NR] | 60 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 9,8% additional laser refractive correction |
| Silva, R.A., 2008[41] | 19 [NR] | 60 | NR | 7.6 | 3.8 | NR | NR | 3.8% explanted due to glare/halo’s | NR |
| Stulting, R.D., 2008[42] | 386 [232] | 36 | 1.02 | 1.1 | 0.25 | NR | 0.51% Retinal Detachment | 2.54% refixations | NR |
| Qasem, Q., 2010[44] | 151 [84] | 12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.16% Myopic Degeneration, 1.08% Retinal Detachment | 4.32% refixation | 17.9% additional laser refractive correction |
| Titiyal, J.S., 2012[46] | 28 [NR] | 60 | NR | 1.17 | NR | 1.17 | 1.17% Retinal Detachment, 1.17% Perifoveal Subretinal Hemorrhage, 1.17% Peripheral Retinal Tear | 57.41% refixation, 29.4% iris atrophy | NR |
| Moshirfar, M., 2014[65] | 213 [NR] | 65 | NR | 2.76 | 2.3 | 0.92 | NR | NR | NR |
| Chebli, S., 2018[66] | 113 [60] | 65 | NR | NR | NR | 0.9 | NR | NR | NR |
| Jonker, S.M., 2019[48] | 460 [250] | 120 | 1.09 | 17.39 | 11.09 | 5.88 | 1.09% retinal detachment, 1.74% myopic macular degeneration, 0.43% retinoschisis, 0.22% macular hole, 0.22% central serous chorioretinopathy | 1.09% refixations | 3.26% additional laser refractive correction |
| Eldanasoury, A., 2019[61] | 90 [57] | 144 | NR | 33 | 7 | 27 | NR | NR | 11% corneal edema and DSAEK |
| Galvis, V., 2019[62] | 67 [45] | 114 | NR | 4.5 | 3 | 1.5 | NR | 1.5% refixation after trauma | 29.9% over 25% total EC loss |
| Artisan Hyperopia, Ophtec | |||||||||
| Guell, J. L., 2008[40] | 28 [NR] | 60 | 4.88 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 20.5% additional laser refractive correction |
| Qasem, Q., 2010[44] | 14 [7] | 12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.16% Myopic Degeneration, 1.08% Retinal Detachment | 4.32% refixation | 28.6% additional laser refractive correction |
| Artiflex Myopia (Toric), Ophtec | |||||||||
| Dick, H. B., 2009[51] | 290 [191] | 24 | 0.34 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4.8% pigment deposition on pIOL, 1.4% giant cel deposition on pIOL, 1.4% repositioning | NR |
| Doors, M., 2012[52] | 115 [73] | 6 | NR | 1.74 | NR | NR | NR | 14.8% pigment deposition on pIOL, 12.2% giant cel deposition on pIOL | 4.38% posterior synechiae |
| Munoz, G., 2012[53] | 42 [25] | 12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 16.7% pigment deposition on pIOL, 2.4% repositioning | NR |
| Ozerturk, Y., 2012[54] | 50 [NR] | 24 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 1.2% Choroidal Neovascularisation | 21.7% depositions on pIOL | NR |
| Visser, N., 2012[67] | 35 [20] | 12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 11.43% depositions on pIOL | NR |
| Galvis, V., 2019[62] | 10 [5] | 108 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 20% over 25% total EC loss |
| Ghoreishi, M., 2020[56] | 41 [41] | 12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.44% reposition due to misalignment | NR |
| Artisan/Artiflex (Toric), Ophtec (Mixed Groups) | |||||||||
| Tehrani, M., 2006[49] | 30 [NR] | 36 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 17.5% pigment deposition on pIOL | NR |
| Guell, J. L., 2008[40] | 67 [NR] | 36 | 1.19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 5.95% additional laser refractive correction |
| Saxena, R., 2008[68] | 318 [NR] | mean 35 | 1.57 | 1.26 | 1.26 | NR | 0.31% Retinal Detachment | 0.31% pupillary block | NR |
| Qasem, Q., 2010[44] | 20 [11] | 12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | 2.16% Myopic Degeneration, 1.08% Retinal Detachment | 4.32% refixation | 15% additional laser refractive correction |
Mo = Months; ACD = Anterior chamber depth; ECD = Endothelial cell density; EC = Endothelial cell; NR = Not reported; pIOL = Phakic intraocular lens; IOP = Intraocular pressure