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. 2021 Feb 3;414:128788. doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2021.128788

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Fig. 4 — Photo-activated TiO₂ damages bacterial plasmid DNA. (A) The schematic of the experiment to test the effect of photo-activated TiO₂ on the plasmid DNA. (B) The DNA plasmid of pUC19 was treated with TiO₂/light for 1 h, and then transformed into E.coli (DH5α). The ampicillin-resistant bacterial colony numbers were determined. The error bars in panel C were derived from triplicates. **, P＜0.01; *, P＜0.05; NS, P＞0.05. (C) The TiO₂/light-treated plasmid pUC19 for 1 or 2 h were analyzed by electrophoresis.