Table 2.
Participant Baseline Characteristics
| Characteristic | Total |
|---|---|
| Total | 561 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 87.69 (7.25) |
| Female, n (%) | 411 (73.3) |
| Body Mass Index, mean (SD) | 26.62 (6.16) |
| Number Fallsa, mean (SD) | 3.53 (7.89) |
| 0 Falls, n (%) | 221 (39.4) |
| ≥1 Fall, n (%) | 340 (60.6) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Myocardial Infarction, n (%) | 158 (28.3) |
| Stroke, n (%) | 165 (29.6) |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, n (%) | 133 (23.8) |
| Dementia, n (%) | 207 (37.1) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 133 (23.8) |
| Polypharmacy (≥9 Med), n (%) | 359 (64.0) |
| Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD), mean (SD) | 0.14 (0.62) |
| No Pain (0), n (%) | 475 (85.4) |
| Mild Pain (1–3), n (%) | 74 (13.3) |
| Moderate Pain (4–6), n (%) | 7 (1.3) |
| Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), mean (SD) | 7.86 (5.94) |
| Normal (0–10), n (%) | 385 (69.7) |
| Mild Excessive (11–12), n (%) | 50 (9.1) |
| Moderate/Severe (13–24), n (%) | 117 (21.2) |
| Pasero Opioid Induced Sedation Scale (POSS), mean (SD) | 1.10 (0.54) |
| Katz Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL), mean (SD) | 0.32 (0.63) |
| Fully Independent (5–6), n (%) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderately Independent (3–4), n (%) | 7 (1.2) |
| Not Independent (0–2), n (%) | 554 (98.8) |
| Nursing Home Life Space Diameter (NHLSD), mean (SD) | 27.86 (10.12) |
| Frailty Index 60-Item, mean (SD) | 0.37 (0.11) |
| Screening Tool Sarcopenia (SARC-F), mean (SD) | 6.46 (2.1) |
| At Risk (≥4), n (%) | 492 (89.5) |
| Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), mean (SD) | 10.15 (2.43) |
| Normal (12–14), n (%) | 172 (31.0) |
| At Risk (8–11), n (%) | 305 (55.0) |
| Malnourished (0–7), n (%) | 78 (14.1) |
| Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS), mean (SD) | 23.59 (14.11) |
| No Dementia (0–11), n (%) | 134 (24.1) |
| Dementia (>11), n (%) | 422 (75.9) |
| Mild (12–18), n (%) | 96 (17.3) |
| Moderate (19–36), n (%) | 198 (35.6) |
| Severe (37–54), n (%) | 128 (23.0) |
| Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), mean (SD) | 2.88 (3.22) |
| Normal (0–2), n (%) | 327 (58.9) |
| Mild (3–5), n (%) | 122 (22.0) |
| Moderate/Severe (6–12), n (%) | 106 (19.1) |
| Quality of Life Alzheimer Disease (QoL-AD) 13-Item, mean (SD) | 34.03 (6.66) |
| Consumer Choice Index-6 Dimension (CCI-6D), mean (SD) | 0.77 (0.20) |
| Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI) 7-Item, mean (SD) | 55.84 (10.05) |
aFalls include slipping, tripping, rolling or sliding to a lower level over past 12 months; SD Standard Deviation