Table 2.

The BE attributes targeted in the existing studies of COVID-19.

Source	BE attributes	Explanation
Rothan & Byrareddy 2020; Gan et al., 2020	Hospital facility	Transmissions of COVID-19 are more likely to occur within the hospital BE.
Kim, 2020	Prisons and churches	Accumulating evidence indicates that COVID-19 can spread widely in confined settings such as prisons, and churches.
European Commission, 2020	Public transport	Public transport is also a high-risk environment for the spread of COVID-19, due to the large number of people gathering together in a confined environment.
Eykelbosh, 2020 Dietz, et al., 2020	Inside buildings	Through building operators, all indoor occupants, ventilation and indoor air quality, lighting and the deposition on the surfaces of materials can reduce the spread of COVID-19.
Chang, 2020 Megahed & Ghoneim, 2020	Population density	Close contact among people is very high in urban areas rather than rural areas.
Saadat et al., 2020	Household size	A household with more members will have a higher chance to bring COVID-19 home, because there are more connections among people.
CDC, USA, 2020	Shared facilities	Shared housing includes a broad range of settings with special considerations. People living and working in this type of building might have challenges with social distancing to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Capolongo et al., 2020	Accessibility	Re-thinking the accessibility to the places of culture and tourism.
Capolongo et al., 2020	Mobility network	Planning of a smart and sustainable mobility network
Capolongo et al., 2020	Semi-private space	Re-thinking building typologies, fostering the presence of semi-private or collective spaces;
Budds, 2020	Social distancing	Social distancing could change the design and planning process, specifically with the increased acceptance of distance learning, online shopping, and the cultural connection of online entertainment.