Biofunctionalization of hydrogel, a) Chitosan hydrogel modified with both cell RGD peptide, a cell binding site, and phosphoserine, a calcium binding group. Adapted with permission from 31. Copyright 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry, b) BMP-2 immobilized hydrogel inducing osteogenesis of human periodontal ligament stem cells. Reprinted with permission from 107 without changes under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Copyright 2017 Springer Nature, c) Mussel-inspired catechol functionalized HA hydrogel and its gelation. Adapted with permission from 95. Copyright 2016 American Chemical Society, d) Supramolecular chitosan hydrogel functionalized with guanidine group, nanoclay, and DBM activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Adapted with permission from 123. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society, e) Gelatin hydrogel incorporated with rhBMP-2 grafted mesoporous bioglass nanoparticles and its crosslinking. Adapted with permission from 124. Copyright 2020 American Chemical Society.