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. 2021 Feb 3;16(2):e0245355. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245355

Fig 3. Late-life social isolation does not alter mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines or microglial activation.

Fig 3

No significant differences in hippocampal mRNA expression levels of (a) Bdnf, (b) Il-6, (c) Il-1β, (d) Tnf-α, or (e) Itgam in socially isolated mice (black, closed circles) relative to group-housed controls (white, open circles).