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| Variables | Characteristics | Included studies | Sample size | Prevalence (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence | Rural and urban | 4 | 2,672 | 41.1 (26.7,55.5) |
| Rural | 2 | 1,125 | 58.2 (55.3,61.1) | |
| Sample size | ≤700 | 3 | 1,372 | 49.9 (40.1, 59.7) |
| >700 | 3 | 2,425 | 44 (22.4,65.6) | |
| Short birth spacing cut off point | <33 months | 3 | 1,861 | 37.7 (20.9,54.5) |
| <36 months | 3 | 1,936 | 56 (50.8, 61.1) |
