. 2021 Feb 3;16(2):e0245868. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245868

Table 3. Comparison of symptomatic and asymptomatic groups for depression.

Variable	Total sample (N = 3000)					Asymptomatic Depression				Symptomatic Depression				p(4)
Variable	M	(SD)	Md	95% CI	p(1)	f	(%)	M	p(2)	f	(%)	M	p(3)
Sex
Female	10.39	(8.8)	8	10.0–10.7	0.000⁺	1277	(42.6)	4.7	0.000⁺	1216	(40.5)	16.0	0.025⁺	0.000^*
Male	7.5	(8.5)	4	6.8–8.2	0.000⁺	333	(11.1)	1.2	0.000⁺	174	(6.0)	15.2	0.025⁺	0.000^*
Children
No children	11.6	(9.3)	10	11.1–12.1	0.000⁺	630	(21.0)	5.4	0.000⁺	792	(26.4)	16.5	0.016⁺	0.000^*
≤16 years old	9.2	(8.3)	6	8.6–9.8		485	(16.2)	4.7		361	(12.0)	15.2
>16 years old	7.5	(7.7)	6	6.9–8.0		495	(16.5)	3.9		237	(8.0)	14.9
Occupation
Employed	9.4	(8.5)	8	9.0–9.9	0.000⁺	816	(27.2)	4.8	0.037⁺	586	(19.5)	15.9	0.000⁺	0.000^*
Autonomous	8.8	(8.1)	6	8.2–9.3		488	(16.0)	4.6		363	(12.1)	14.4
Unemployed	12.8	(10.12)	10	11.6–14.0		99	(3.3)	4.1		179	(6.0)	17.5
Retired	7.4	(7.5)	6	6.2–8.5		118	(3.9)	4.3		56	(1.9)	13.8
Student	14.1	(10)	12	13.0–15.3		89	(3.0)	6.2		206	(6.9)	17.6
Chronic disease
Yes	11.5	(9.4)	10	10.8–12.2	0.000⁺	392	(13.1)	4.7	0.000⁺	386	(12.9)	17.6	0.000⁺	0.020^*
No	9.3	(8.6)	8	9.0–9.7	0.000⁺	1218	(40.6)	1.8	0.000⁺	1004	(33.5)	15.2	0.000⁺	0.020^*
Close contact with infected people
Yes	12.4	(9.9)	10	11.6–13.3	0.000⁺	241	(8.0)	4.7	0.000⁺	261	(8.8)	18.5	0.000⁺	0.004^*
No	9.4	(8.5)	8	9.1–9.7	0.000⁺	1369	(45.6)	1.9	0.000⁺	1129	(37.6)	15.3	0.000⁺	0.004^*
Diagnostic of Covid-19
Yes	17.0	(11.9)	14	14.4–19.5	0.000⁺	37	(1.2)	4.7	0.000⁺	50	(1.7)	23.8	0.000⁺	0.024^*
No	9.7	(8.6)	8	9.4–10.0	0.000⁺	1573	(52.4)	2.0	0.000⁺	1340	(44.7)	15.6	0.000⁺	0.024^*

M = mean, Md = median, SD = standard deviation, f = frequency, CI = confidence interval.

⁺p(1), p(2), p(3) values from Mann-Whitney/Kruskall-Wallis.

*p(4) values from chi-squared test.