Skip to main content
. 2021 Feb 3;7(6):eabd2827. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abd2827

Fig. 1. Overview of zebra finch song learning and neural circuits for song.

Fig. 1

(A) Timeline of zebra finch song learning in juvenile males. (B to D) Example representations of an adult zebra finch song; each color represents a syllable or note in the song. (B) Spectrogram of an adult male’s song. The y axis represents the frequency range (0 to 11.025 kHz), while the x axis represents total duration (5.27 s), and the colors reflect the amplitude. Colored bars underneath indicate introductory notes (pink, i) and syllables (a to h). (C) A syntax raster plot showing the syllables sung over repeated song bouts; colors reflect the syllables produced. (D) A representation of song syntax, with thickness of arrows representing the probability of syllable transitions. (E) Parasagittal schematic of the song circuit, with relevant nuclei labeled: Area X, striato-pallidal basal ganglia nucleus; Av, nucleus avalanche; HVC, premotor song nucleus; LMAN, lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium; NIf, nucleus interfacialis of the nidopallium; Uva, nucleus uvaeformis; RA, robust nucleus of the arcopallium.