Fig. 1. Comparison of artificial intelligence–powered high-definition IR spectroscopic imaging with the conventional pipeline for diagnosis and outcome prediction.

A biopsy or surgical resection is typically (top) stained, imaged using a light microscope and examined by a human for diagnoses. (Bottom) IR spectroscopic imaging does not use dyes or labels but measures the chemical composition of tissue, which can be used by computational algorithms to diagnose disease and its severity.