. 2021 Jan 26;2021:6645720. doi: 10.1155/2021/6645720

Table 2.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of curcumin, curcuminoids, and metabolites and its concentration in brain tissue.

Parameters	Group	Curcumin	Curcuminoids (curcumin+DMC+BDMC)	Conjugate metabolites (CG+CS)	Hydrogenated metabolites (HHC+THC)
Parameters	Group	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM	Mean ± SEM
t1/2	TE+EO-25	3.31 ± 0.51^b	3.20 ± 0.46^bcd	1.91 ± 0.16^cd	1.68 ± 0.14^d
	TE+EO-50	8.04 ± 1.70^acd	6.01 ± 1.17^acd	1.56 ± 0.17^cd	1.68 ± 0.16^d
	TE-25	2.05 ± 0.43^b	0.39 ± 0.03^ab	0.86 ± 0.06^ab	1.26 ± 0.13^d
	TE-50	2.06 ± 0.52^b	0.52 ± 0.05^ab	0.87 ± 0.05^ab	0.40 ± 0.02^abc
Tmax	TE+EO-25	3.50 ± 0.22^bcd	3.50 ± 0.22^bcd	1.00 ± 0.00	1.83 ± 0.17
	TE+EO-50	2.17 ± 0.17^a	2.33 ± 0.21^a	1.00 ± 0.00	1.83 ± 0.17
	TE-25	1.83 ± 0.17^a	2.00 ± 0.00^a	2.00 ± 0.00	2.17 ± 0.17
	TE-50	2.33 ± 0.21^a	2.17 ± 0.17^a	2.00 ± 0.00	2.17 ± 0.17
Cmax	TE+EO-25	32.00 ± 2.22^bcd	34.23 ± 2.19^bcd	297.91 ± 9.86^bcd	16.75 ± 0.74^bcd
	TE+EO-50	79.60 ± 6.91^acd	99.74 ± 4.83^acd	471.77 ± 12.85^acd	28.11 ± 1.20^acd
	TE-25	1.27 ± 0.20^ab	1.41 ± 0.19^ab	47.81 ± 5.88^ab	2.43 ± 0.26^ab
	TE-50	1.59 ± 0.43^ab	2.48 ± 0.35^ab	56.63 ± 3.73^ab	3.45 ± 0.38^ab
AUC 0-t	TE+EO-25	141.86 ± 9.40^bcd	152.26 ± 9.32^bcd	904.17 ± 43.70^bcd	60.36 ± 1.92^bcd
	TE+EO-50	357.24 ± 32.51^acd	439.64 ± 26.88^acd	1429.96 ± 35.44^acd	101.63 ± 3.24^acd
	TE-25	4.72 ± 0.81^ab	5.37 ± 0.82^ab	124.98 ± 15.88^ab	6.53 ± 0.29^ab
	TE-50	6.59 ± 1.81^ab	8.90 ± 1.93^ab	149.84 ± 8.61^ab	9.81 ± 0.46^ab
AUC 0-inf	TE+EO-25	234.34 ± 22.21^b	247.11 ± 23.12^b	1045.76 ± 54.11^bcd	70.01 ± 3.12^bcd
	TE+EO-50	991.90 ± 187.40^acd	1024.00 ± 177.14^acd	1581.53 ± 51.15^acd	118.24 ± 5.84^acd
	TE-25	6.22 ± 1.10^b	5.39 ± 0.82^b	127.18 ± 16.21^ab	7.41 ± 0.41^ab
	TE-50	8.14 ± 1.70^b	8.96 ± 1.94^b	152.30 ± 8.87^ab	9.85 ± 0.46^ab
MRT	TE+EO-25	6.21 ± 0.68^b	6.06 ± 0.60^b	3.32 ± 0.16^cd	3.46 ± 0.14^d
	TE+EO-50	12.43 ± 2.47^acd	9.65 ± 1.67^acd	2.99 ± 0.15	3.47 ± 0.18^d
	TE-25	3.96 ± 0.50^b	2.69 ± 0.04^b	2.69 ± 0.03^a	3.07 ± 0.15
	TE-50	4.54 ± 0.75^b	2.79 ± 0.07^b	2.62 ± 0.04^a	2.73 ± 0.04^ab
Concentration in the brain	TE+EO-25	65.75 ± 4.39^bcd	89.86 ± 5.51^bcd	0.24 ± 0.16^d	1.35 ± 0.14^c
	TE+EO-50	140.07 ± 8.19^acd	198.53 ± 10.12^acd	0.71 ± 0.31	1.88 ± 0.52^cd
	TE-25	5.97 ± 0.94^ab	6.49 ± 0.93^ab	0.52 ± 0.09	0.17 ± 0.10^ab
	TE-50	10.22 ± 0.81^ab	16.98 ± 1.20^ab	1.12 ± 0.16^a	0.48 ± 0.11^b

t1/2: terminal phase half-life; Tmax: time to maximum plasma concentration; Cmax: maximum concentration; AUC (0-6 h): area under the curve up to 6 h; AUC (0-∞): AUC up to infinite time; MRT: mean residence time. ^ap < 0.05 when compared to TE+EO-25. ^bp < 0.05 when compared to TE+EO-50. ^cp < 0.05 when compared to TE-25. ^dp < 0.05 when compared to TE-50.