Table 3.
Antibacterial activity of T. satureioides.
| Parts used | Extracts | Methods used | Bacteria tested | Key results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aerial parts | Essential oil (0.93%) | Broth microdilution method | Staphylococcus aureus CCMM B3 | MIC = 4.50 mg/mL | [65] |
| Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 | MIC = 4.50 mg/mL | ||||
| Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 | MIC = 2.50 mg/mL | ||||
| Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 | MIC = 4.50 mg/mL | ||||
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | MIC = 18.00 mg/mL | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | MIC > 18.4 mg/mL | ||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | MIC = 9 mg/mL | ||||
|
| |||||
| Stem | Aqueous extract | Paper disc diffusion assay | Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis H195 isolate | Ф = 23.3 ± 2.4 mm | [66] |
|
| |||||
| Leaves | Aqueous extract | Paper disc diffusion assay | Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis H195 isolate | Ф = 16.4 ± 0.5 mm | [66] |
|
| |||||
| Aerial part | Essential oil | Agar disc diffusion method | Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 | Ф = 34.67 ± 0.33 mm | [20] |
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | Ф = 20.67 ± 0.27 mm | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | Ф = 7.00 ± 0.00 mm | ||||
|
| |||||
| Aerial part | Essential oil | Microdilution assay | Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | MIC = 0.125% | [67] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | MIC = 1% | ||||
| Micrococcus luteus ATCC 14452 | MIC = 0.03% | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 | MIC = 0.03% | ||||
| Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 | MIC = 0.03% | ||||
| Salmonella typhimurium | MIC = 0.25% | ||||
| Bacillus cereus | MIC = 0.015% | ||||
|
| |||||
| Whole plant | Essential oil (1.78%) | Microdilution assay | Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 | MIC = 2.5 μl/mL | [17] |
| Streptococcus fasciens ATCC 29212) | MIC = 2.5 μl/mL | ||||
| Escherichia coli ATCC 4157 | MIC = 5 μl/mL | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | MIC = 10 μl/mL | ||||
|
| |||||
| Aerial part | Essential oil | Agar diffusion method Broth microdilution method |
Escherichia coli ATCC 25921 | Ф = 15 ± 0 mm MIC = 0.625 μl/mL MBC = 0.625 μl/mL |
[43] |
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 21 ± 0 mm MIC = 125 μl/mL MBC = 125 μl/mL |
||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 | Ф = 0 ± 0 mm MIC > 20 μl/mL MBC > 20 μl/mL |
||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 0 ± 0 mm MIC > 20 μl/mL MBC > 20 μl/mL |
||||
| Enterobacter cloacae | Ф = 15.5 ± 0.7 mm MIC = 0.625 μl/mL MBC = 0.625 μl/mL |
||||
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 | Ф = 23 ± 0 mm MIC = 0.312 μl/mL MBC = 0.312 μl/mL |
||||
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 15 ± 0 mm MIC = 0.625 μl/mL MBC = 0.625 μl/mL |
||||
| Enterococcus faecium | Ф = 16 ± 0 mm MIC = 125 μl/mL MBC = 125 μl/mL |
||||
|
| |||||
| Aerial part | Essential oil | Agar-dilution method | Enterobacter cloacae (clinical strain, nosoco.tech Abdel1) | MIC = 2.9 μg/mL | [68] |
| Escherichia coli CIP 54127 | MIC = 2.9 μg/mL | ||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae CIP 104216 | MIC = 2.9 μg/mL | ||||
| P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 | MIC = 11.7 μg/mL | ||||
| Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 133115 | MIC = 2.9 μg/mL | ||||
| Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 35152 | MIC = 5.8 μg/mL | ||||
| Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) | MIC = 2.9 μg/mL | ||||
| Enterococcus faecalis CIP A185 | MIC = 5.8 μg/mL | ||||
| Streptococcus equinus CIP 56.23 | MIC = 2.9 μg/mL | ||||
| Streptococcus pyogenes CIP 70.3 | MIC = 2.9 μg/mL | ||||
|
| |||||
| Aerial parts | Essential oil | Agar diffusion method Broth microdilution method |
Escherichia coli ATCC25922 | Ф = 12.3 ± 0.6 mm MIC = 1.5% |
[40] |
| Non-O1 Vibrio cholera | Ф = 33.3 ± 2.9 mm MIC = 0.5% |
||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa CCMMB11 | Ф = 11.7 ± 1.5 mm MIC = 1.5% |
||||
| Enterobacter cloacae | Ф = 11.7 ± 0.6 mm MIC = 1.5% |
||||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | Ф = 13.3 ± 0.6 mm MIC = 1.5% |
||||
| Staphylococcus aureus CCMMB3 | Ф = 29.3 ± 2.1 mm MIC = 0.125% |
||||
| Bacillus subtilis ATCC9524 | Ф = 34.3 ± 1.1 mm MIC = 0.003% |
||||
| Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 | Ф = 30 ± 0 mm MIC = 0.003% |
||||
|
| |||||
| Aerial parts | Essential oil (1.86%) | Agar disc diffusion Agar dilution technique |
Staphylococcus aureus CCMM B3 | Ф = 29.67 ± 1.15 mm MIC = 1.78 mg/mL |
[15] |
| Bacillus subtilis ATCC 9524 | Ф = 43.67 ± 1.53 mm MIC = 0.89 mg/mL |
||||
| Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 | Ф = 43.67 ± 1.53 mm MIC = 0.89 mg/mL |
||||
| Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240 | Ф = 42.00 ± 1.73 mm MIC = 0.45 mg/mL |
||||
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 | Ф = 22.5 ± 1.32 mm MIC = 1.78 mg/mL |
||||
| Escherichia coli CCMM B4 | Ф = 23.00 ± 1.00 mm MIC = 1.78 mg/mL |
||||
| Salmonella sp. CCMM B17 | Ф = 22.33 ± 0.58 mm MIC = 1.78 mg/mL |
||||
| Enterobacter cloacae | Ф = 21.00 ± 1.00 mm MIC = 1.78 mg/mL |
||||
|
| |||||
| Leaves | Essential oil (2.95%(v/w)) | Agar diffusion assay | Bacillus cereus | Ф = 12.5 mm MIC = 80 μg/mL |
[41] |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 5638 | Ф = 8.0 mm MIC = 640 μg/mL |
||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | Ф = 14.5 mm MIC = 40 μg/mL |
||||
| Aeromonas hydrophila | Ф = 11.8 mm MIC = 160 μg/mL |
||||
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 9.0 mm MIC = 320 μg/mL |
||||
| Proteus vulgaris | Ф = 7.4 mm MIC = 640 μg/mL |
||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ND MIC = 1280 μg/mL |
||||
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | Ф = 7.2 mm MIC = 640 μg/mL |
||||
| Salmonella abony | Ф = 7.8 mm MIC = 640 μg/mL |
||||
|
| |||||
| Inflorescences (flowers) | Essential oil (2.95% (v/)) | Bacillus cereus | Ф = 13.8 mm MIC = 80 μg/mL |
[41] | |
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC5638 | Ф = 8.4 mm MIC = 320 μg/mL |
||||
| Listeria monocytogenes | Ф = 15.2 mm MIC = 40 μg/mL |
||||
| Aeromonas hydrophila | Ф = 14.2 mm; MIC = 80 μg/mL | ||||
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 10.4 mm MIC = 160 μg/mL |
||||
| Proteus vulgaris | Ф = 8.2 mm MIC = 320 μg/mL |
||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Ф = 6.8 mm MIC = 640 μg/mL |
||||
| Pseudomonas fluorescens | Ф = 8.0 mm MIC = 320 μg/mL |
||||
| Salmonella abony | Ф = 8.6 mm MIC = 320 μg/mL |
||||
|
| |||||
| Aerial part | Ethanolic extract | Agar-well diffusion method Broth microdilution method |
Staphylococcus aureus 25923 | Ф = 6 mm MIC = 6.25 mg/mL MBC = 12.5 mg/mL |
[69] |
| Listeria monocytogenes 4032 | Ф = 8.1 ± 0.31 mm MIC = 6.25 mg/mL MBC = 12.5 mg/mL |
||||
| Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 | Ф = 13.2 ± 0.23 mm MIC = <0.5 mg/mL MBC = 1 mg/mL |
||||
| Escherichia coli ATCC 25929 | Ф = 6 mm MIC = 25 mg/mL MBC = 50 mg/mL |
||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa 195 | Ф = 10 ± 0.043 mm MIC = 25 mg/mL MBC = 50 mg/mL |
||||
| Salmonella enterica | Ф = 6 mm MIC = 12 mg/mL MBC = 25 mg/mL |
||||
|
| |||||
| Aerial part | Essential oil | Disc diffusion assay | Escherichia coli | Ф = 13.66 ± 0.43 mm | [70] |
| Bacillus subtilis | Ф = 26.21 ± 2.08 mm | ||||
| Mycobacterium smegmatis | Ф = 28.34 ± 1.05 mm | ||||
|
| |||||
| Leaves | Essential oil (2.7%) | Disc diffusion assay | Escherichia coli | Ф = 15.5 mm | [71] |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 30.7 mm | ||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | Ф = 19 mm | ||||
| Bacillus cereus | Ф = 16 mm | ||||
| Enterobacter cloacae | Ф = 20 mm | ||||
|
| |||||
| Flower | Essential oil (4.1%) | Disc diffusion assay | Escherichia coli | Ф = 20 mm | [71] |
| Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 45 mm | ||||
| Acinetobacter baumannii | Ф = 35 mm | ||||
| Bacillus cereus | Ф = 38 mm | ||||
| Enterobacter cloacae | Ф = 22 mm | ||||
|
| |||||
| Whole plant | Essential oil | Agar diffusion method Microdilution method |
Staphylococcus aureus | Ф = 16 mm MIC = 1.1% (v/v) |
[18] |
| Bacillus cereus | Ф = 19 mm MIC = 1.1% (v/v) |
||||
| Escherichia coli | Ф = 14.25 mm MIC = 1.25% (v/v) |
||||
|
| |||||
| Flowering plant | Essential oil | Agar dilution method | Escherichia coli O157:H7 | High antibacterial effect against the four pathogenic bacteria (MIC 0.05–0.4% (v/v)) | [72] |
| Listeria monocytogenes 2812 1/2a | |||||
| Salmonella typhimurium SL 1344 | |||||
| Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 | |||||
|
| |||||
| Flowering top | Essential oil | Agar diffusion method | Pseudomonas aeruginosa IH | Ф = 8 mm | [73] |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa CECT 110T | Ф = 8 mm | ||||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa CECT 118 | Ф = 8 mm | ||||
| Pseudomonas Fluorescens CECT 378 | Ф = 11 mm | ||||
| Escherichia coli k12 | Ф = 13 mm | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus MBLA | Ф = 16 mm | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus CECT 976 | Ф = 15 mm | ||||
| Staphylococcus aureus CECT 794 | Ф = 15 mm | ||||
| Bacillus subtilis DCM 6633 | Ф = 19 mm | ||||
| Bacillus capsulas | Ф = 18 mm | ||||
| Enterococcus faecium CECT 410 | Ф = 13 mm | ||||
| Listeria innocua CECT 4030 | Ф = 21 mm | ||||
| Listeria monocytogenes CECT 4032 | Ф = 19 mm | ||||
|
| |||||
| Aerial part | Essential oil (3.2%) | Microdilution assay | Escherichia coli 1 from patient | MIC = 0.33 mg/mL | [64] |
| Escherichia coli ATCCS | MIC = 43 mg/mL | ||||
| Escherichia coli 2 from patient | MIC = 0.36 mg/mL | ||||
| Escherichia coli 1 from raw sheep milk | MIC = 0.51 mg/mL | ||||
| Escherichia coli 2 from Raw Sheep Milk | MIC = 0.34 mg/mL | ||||
| Escherichia coli 3 from raw sheep milk | MIC = 0.4 mg/mL | ||||
| Enterohemorragic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157 | MIC = 0.21 mg/mL | ||||
| Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) | MIC = 0.31 mg/mL | ||||
| Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) | MIC = 0.45 mg/mL | ||||
| Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAggEC) | MIC = 0.5 mg/mL | ||||
| Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli | MIC = 0.7 mg/mL | ||||
|
| |||||
| Leaves | Essential oil 1.35% (v/w) | Disc diffusion method | Microbacterium testaceum | High antibacterial effect (Ф > 20 mm) MIC = 0.025% (v/v) MBC = 0.033% (v/v) |
[63] |
| Serratia marcescens | Important antibacterial activity (15 < Ф < 19 mm) MIC = 0.033% (v/v) MBC = 0.05% (v/v) |
||||
|
| |||||
| Leaves | Aqueous extract 100 mg/mL (w/v) | Disc diffusion method | Microbacterium testaceum | Slight antibacterial activity (Ф < 8 mm) | [63] |
| Serratia marcescens | Slight antibacterial activity (Ф < 8 mm) | ||||
|
| |||||
| Aerial parts | Essential oil | Microdilution method | Mycobacterium aurum A+ | MIC = 0.015% (v/v) MBC = 0.015% (v/v) |
[16] |
| Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2-155 | MIC = 0.062% (v/v) MBC = 0.062% (v/v) |
||||