Table 1.
Ingredient composition (% as-fed) of the experimental diets.
| Ingredients | Starter (1–17 d) |
Grower (18–35 d) |
Finisher (36–49 d) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low AA1 density |
High AA density |
Low AA density |
High AA density |
Low AA density |
High AA density |
|||||||
| Control | AF2 | Control | AF | Control | AF | Control | AF | Control | AF | Control | AF | |
| Corn | 54.25 | 54.25 | 48.29 | 48.29 | 61.78 | 61.78 | 55.75 | 55.75 | 64.22 | 64.22 | 58.13 | 58.13 |
| Soybean meal | 29.30 | 29.30 | 34.29 | 34.29 | 24.24 | 24.24 | 29.32 | 29.32 | 15.73 | 15.73 | 20.93 | 20.93 |
| DDGS3 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| Poultry by-product4 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Poultry fat | 2.32 | 3.49 | 3.26 | 4.43 | 1.76 | 2.93 | 2.73 | 3.90 | 2.26 | 3.43 | 3.25 | 4.42 |
| Dicalcium phosphate | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.79 | 0.54 | 0.54 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| Limestone | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.09 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 | 1.05 |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.26 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.12 |
| Salt | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| Mineral premix5 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Vitamin premix6 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| L-Lysine-HCl | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
| DL-Methionine | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
| L-Threonine | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| Choline chloride, 0% | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Coccidiostat7 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Phytase8 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.008 |
| Filler9 | 2.29 | 1.12 | 2.29 | 1.13 | 1.19 | 0.02 | 1.19 | 0.02 | 2.19 | 1.00 | 2.19 | 1.00 |
Amino acids. 10% of difference between low and high AA diets.
Diets with 1.17% of additional fat (AF) postpellet, with approximately 100 kcal ME/kg of diet.
Dried distillers grains with solubles.
Poultry by-product meal.
Provided per kg of diet: 80 ppm Fe (sulfate); 2.5 ppm I (calcium iodate); 1 ppm Co (cobalt sulfate); 120 ppm Zn (zinc sulfate); 10 ppm Cu (copper sulfate); 120 ppm Mn (manganese sulfate).
Provided per kg of diet: 3,858 IU vitamin A; 2,756 IU vitamin D3; 28 IU vitamin E; 0.01 mg vitamin B12; 0.8 mg menadione; 3.3 mg riboflavin; 5.0 D-pantothenic acid; 0.8 mg thiamine; 19.3 niacin; 1.4 mg pyridoxine; 0.4 mg folic acid; 0.04 mg biotin.
Provided monensin to prevent coccidiosis (Coban 90, sodium monensin, Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN).
Provided 80 g/t of phytase (Quantum Blue 500 FTU/kg, AB Vista Feed Ingredients, Florida) estimated to release 0.14% Ca and 0.13% non-phytate P, in accordance with the manufacturer indications.
10 g/kg of Celite (Diatomite Product, Food Chemicals Codex Grade. Celite Corp., Lompar, CA), xylanase [0, 8,000 (50 g/t Econase XT), 16,000 (100 g/t Econase XT), or 32,000 (200 g/t Econase XT) BXU/kg, AB Vista, Florida], and/or sand.