Table 2.

Chemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris and experimental diets.

Item	Microalga	Dietary treatments
	C. vulgaris	Control	CV	CV + R	CV + M
Energy, kcal ME/kg as fed basis	4,586	4,614	4,627	4,650	4,615
Proximate composition, % as fed basis
Dry matter	93.1	89.0	89.6	89.3	86.4
Crude protein	42.8	19.9	20.4	19.8	19.1
Crude fat	8.73	6.59	7.56	7.63	7.41
Ash	11.8	5.60	6.08	6.21	6.13
Amino acid composition, % as fed basis
Alanine	2.77	0.95	0.95	1.15	1.00
Arginine	3.89	1.34	1.16	1.63	1.14
Asparagine	0.06	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.02
Aspartate	3.04	1.72	1.36	1.95	1.48
Cysteine	0.66	0.33	0.24	0.13	0.00
Glutamate	4.07	2.94	2.32	3.12	2.29
Glutamine	0.02	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.
Glycine	1.72	0.68	0.61	0.82	0.67
Histidine	0.65	0.51	0.36	0.51	0.39
Isoleucine	1.26	0.67	0.55	0.76	0.72
Leucine	2.45	1.39	1.21	1.52	1.42
Lysine	2.63	0.77	0.92	1.14	1.69
Methionine	0.45	0.10	0.21	0.17	0.63
Phenylalanine	1.49	0.85	0.71	0.95	0.84
Proline	1.87	1.23	1.03	1.11	1.04
Serine	1.56	1.03	0.81	1.11	0.85
Threonine	2.32	1.25	1.18	1.42	1.01
Tryptophan	0.47	0.19	0.25	0.21	0.33
Tyrosine	1.18	0.67	0.56	0.74	0.58
Valine	3.52	1.46	1.30	1.71	1.50
Fatty acid profile, % total fatty acids
14:0	1.10	0.10	0.14	0.14	0.19
16:0	17.2	12.4	12.6	12.6	13.2
16:1c9	3.90	0.09	0.95	0.98	1.15
18:0	3.00	2.77	2.83	2.81	2.99
18:1c9	11.7	21.6	22.1	22.6	23.2
18:1c11	0.00	1.35	1.63	1.58	1.81
18:2n-6	11.2	50.5	47.3	48.0	46.5
18:3n-3	10.1	5.24	5.47	5.58	5.62
20:0	0.20	0.33	0.32	0.33	0.33
20:1c11	0.10	0.22	0.25	0.23	0.27
Diterpene profile, μg/g
α-Tocopherol	19.2	10.5	42.2	12.4	20.2
α-Tocotrienol	n.d.+	1.29	5.94	3.00	2.75
β-Tocopherol	0.34	0.44	0.98	0.52	0.66
γ−Tocopherol+β-tocotrienol	0.52	16.2	26.8	14.7	19.3
γ-Tocotrienol	0.56	2.50	7.60	3.92	3.36
δ-Tocopherol	0.36	2.00	4.44	2.79	2.90
Pigments, μg/g
β-Carotene	198	n.d.	83.6	37.3	45.1
Chlorophyll a1	906	0.67	307	339	200
Chlorophyll b2	171	0.90	96.3	104	40.0
Total chlorophylls3	1,077	1.57	404	444	240
Total carotenoids4	228	3.61	102	108	47.7
Total chlorophylls + carotenoids5	1,305	5.17	505	552	288

Dietary treatments: Control, corn-soybean basal diet; CV, basal diet plus 10% C. vulgaris; CV + R, basal diet plus 10% C. vulgaris + 0.005% Rovabio Excel AP; CV + M, basal diet plus 10% C. vulgaris + 0.01% mix of 4 CAZymes.

⁺ Co-eluted with α-tocopherol.

Abbreviations: CAZymes, Carbohydrate-Active enZymes; DM, dry matter; ME, metabolized energy; n.d., not detected.

¹Chlorophyll a = 11.24 × A662 nm–2.04 × A645 nm.

²Chlorophyll b = 20.13 × A645 nm–4.19 × A662 nm.

³Total chlorophylls (Ca + b) = 7.05 × A662 nm + 18.09 × A645 nm.

⁴Total carotenoids (Cx + c) = (1,000 × A470 nm–1.90 × Ca–63.14 × Cb)/214.

⁵Total chlorophylls and carotenoids = (Ca + b) + (Cx + c).