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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychosom Med. 2021 Feb-Mar;83(2):109–117. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000899

Table 3.

Phenotypic, additive genetic correlations (rg), and non-shared environmental correlations (re) between PTSD and chronic pain conditions, along with 95% confidence intervals (in parentheses) from ACE-AE models.

Condition Phenotypic Correlation with PTSD (95% CI) Proportion of Phenotypic Correlation
(Actual Value [%])
rg (95% CI) re (95% CI)
Genetic Influences Environmental Influences


Any Pain 0.46 (0.42; 0.50) 0.25 (0.54) 0.21 (0.46) 0.61 (0.46; 0.89) 0.41 (0.30; 0.51)
TMD 0.30 (0.20; 0.42) 0.09 (0.31) 0.21 (0.69) 0.24 (−0.08; 0.64) 0.40 (0.17; 0.63)
Tension Headaches 0.57 (0.54; 0.62) 0.29 (0.51) 0.28 (0.49) 0.75 (0.52; 1.00) 0.54 (0.39; 0.67)
Migraine Headaches 0.38 (0.32; 0.43) 0.19 (0.49) 0.19 (0.51) 0.44 (0.24; 0.77) 0.40 (0.23; 0.52)
Chronic Back Pain 0.38 (0.34; 0.41) 0.24 (0.63) 0.14 (0.37) 0.56 (0.40; 0.88) 0.28 (0.16; 0.40)
Chronic Joint Pain 0.45 (0.42; 0.47) 0.27 (0.59) 0.18 (0.41) 0.63 (0.51; 0.86) 0.36 (0.25; 0.47)

Note: Results presented from models which include the A, C, and E components for PTSD, and A and E components for the pain variables. PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder based on PCL 33 score cutoff; TMD = temporomandibular disorder; Any Pain= the presence of any pain condition. 95% confidence intervals are presented in parentheses. CI = Confidence Interval; rg = genetic correlation; re = non-shared environmental correlation.