Figure 6.

Schematic overview of the mode of action of MCZ alone juxtaposed with that of MCZ-DB. The mode of action of miconazole (MCZ) is illustrated on the left panel and that of MCZ in the presence of domiphen bromide (DB) is presented on the right. Each panel shows a Candida cell in a biofilm context. Red arrows and green arrows represent inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis and induction of ROS accumulation, respectively. Pink indications on the right panel illustrate DB's effects on the cellular membranes. Sequestration of MCZ into and release of MCZ from the vacuole is illustrated by a black arrow pointing toward or away from the vacuole, respectively, although further investigation is required to confirm that DB treatment results in the release of vacuole-sequestered MCZ. ROS, reactive oxygen species; [MCZ]in, intracellular miconazole concentration.