Table 3.
Radiologic, laboratory findings and complications.
| Variables | Patients (N = 659) | ARDS patients (N = 76) | Non-ARDS patients (N = 583) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CT image features—no./total no. (%) | ||||
| Consolidation | 175/619(28.3%) | 41/76(53.9%) | 134/543(24.7%) | 0.000 |
| Ground-glass opacity | 467/625(74.7%) | 59/73(80.8%) | 408/552(73.9%) | 0.251 |
| Number of consolidation quadrant—Median (IQR) | 0(0–2) | 2(1–4) | 0(0–2) | 0.000 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Leukocyte count within 48 h of admission (10e9/l) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 5.0(4.0–6.6) | 5.7(4.6–8.8) | 4.9(3.9–6.4) | 0.000 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.000 | |||
| < 4 | 163/657(24.8%) | 14/76(18.4%) | 149/581(25.6%) | |
| 4–10 | 468/657(71.2%) | 47/76(61.8%) | 421/581(72.5%) | |
| > 10 | 26/657(4.0%) | 15/76(19.7%) | 11/581(1.9%) | |
| Neutrophil count (10e9/l) -Median(IQR) | 3.2(2.3–4.4) | 4.8(3.1–7.6) | 3.1(2.3–4.2) | 0.000 |
| Lymphocyte count (10e9/l) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 1.1(0.8–1.6) | 0.7(0.5–1.1) | 1.2(0.8–1.7) | 0.000 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.000 | |||
| ≤ 1.5 | 468/659(71.0%) | 71/76(93.4%) | 397/583(68.1%) | |
| > 1.5 | 191/659(29.0%) | 5/76(6.6%) | 186/583(31.9%) | |
| Lymph% | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 0.24(0.2–0.3) | 0.13(0.1–0.2) | 0.25(0.2–0.3) | 0.403 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | ||||
| < 0.2 | 237/657(36.1%) | 56/76(73.7%) | 181/581(31.2%) | 0.000 |
| ≥ 0.2 | 420/657(63.9%) | 20/76(26.3%) | 400/581(68.8%) | |
| Neutrophils / lymphocytes | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 2.73(1.8–4.5) | 6.11(3.7–14.6) | 1.2(1.7–4.0) | 0.000 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.000 | |||
| < 3 | 348/636(54.7%) | 13/75(17.3%) | 335/561(59.7%) | |
| ≥ 3 | 288/636(45.3%) | 62/75(82.7%) | 226/561(40.3%) | |
| Hemoglobin (g/l)- Median (IQR) | 134.0(123.0–146.0) | 135.5(123.3–150.0) | 134(123.0–144.0) | 0.462 |
| Hematocrit (%)- Median (IQR) | 0.4(0.0–0.4) | 0.4(0.3–0.4) | 0.39(0.4–0.5) | 0.968 |
| Platelet (10e9/l) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 195(152–243) | 174(138–222) | 197(154–243) | 0.012 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.509 | |||
| ≤ 100 | 24/658(3.6%) | 4/76(5.3%) | 20/582(3.4%) | |
| > 100 | 634/658(96.4%) | 72/76(94.7%) | 562/582(96.6%) | |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 21.0(15–34.0) | 30.3(21.3–46.0) | 20.0(14.0–32.0) | 0.000 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.000 | |||
| ≤ 40 | 533/654(81.5%) | 48/74(64.9%) | 485/580(83.6%) | |
| > 40 | 121/654(18.5%) | 26/74(35.1%) | 95/580(16.4%) | |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 24.0(18.0–31.0) | 31.5(24.0–46.0) | 23(18.0–30.0) | 0.000 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.000 | |||
| ≤ 40 | 563/653(86.2%) | 44/74(59.5%) | 519/579(89.6%) | |
| > 40 | 90/653(13.8%) | 30/74(40.5%) | 60/579(10.4%) | |
| Potassium ion (mmol/L)—median(IQR) | 3.8(3.6–4.2) | 3.8(3.5–4.1) | 3.9(3.6–4.2) | 0.188 |
| Sodium ion (mmol/L)—median(IQR) | 138.8(136.7–146.7) | 138.0(135.0–140.6) | 139.0(137.0–140.7) | 0.052 |
| Creatinine (umol/l) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 65.3(54.0–78.0) | 70.5(59.5–92.0) | 65.0(53.4–77.4) | 0.002 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.072 | |||
| ≤ 133 | 648/657(98.6%) | 72/75(96.0%) | 576/582(99.0%) | |
| > 133 | 9/657(1.4%) | 3/75(4.0%) | 6/582(1.0%) | |
| Creatine Kinase (U/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 74.0(50.8–107.2) | 112.5(63.0–245.0) | 70.6(49.0–96.3) | 0.000 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.000 | |||
| ≤ 185 | 461/513(89.9%) | 47/68(69.1%) | 414/445(93.0%) | |
| > 185 | 52/513(10.1%) | 21/68(30.9%) | 31/445(7.0%) | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 215.0(177.0–275.3) | 316.0(253.8–394.0) | 211.0(173.5–257.5) | 0.000 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.000 | |||
| ≤ 250 | 431/636(67.8%) | 17/69(24.6%) | 414/567(73.0%) | |
| > 250 | 205/636(32.2%) | 52/69(75.4%) | 153/567(27.0%) | |
| Troponin I (ng/ml—Median (IQR) | 0.0(0.01–0.06) | 0.0(0.00–0.03) | 0.0(0.01–0.09) | 0.013 |
| Brain Natriuretic Peptide (< 300 pg/ml)—Median (IQR) | 82.0(27–144.5) | 77.0(36.0–164.0) | 82.3(26.5–139.7) | 0.566 |
| Myoglobin—Median (IQR) | 25.1(18.5–40.6) | 85.9(43.2–205.9) | 23.6(18.2–33.1) | 0.000 |
| Glucose (mmol/L)—Median (IQR) | 5.9(5.1–7.7) | 8.1(6.6–9.9) | 5.7(5.1–7.4) | 0.000 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 10(3.0–27.3) | 34.1(15.3–76.0) | 8.8(2.8–24.1) | 0.000 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.000 | |||
| ≤ 10 | 341/648(52.6%) | 14/73(19.2%) | 327/575(56.9%) | |
| > 10 | 307/648(47.4%) | 59/73(80.8%) | 248/575(43.1%) | |
| Procalcitonin (ng/L) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 0.1(0.0–0.1) | 0.1(0.1–0.2) | 0.1(0.0–0.1) | 0.008 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.195 | |||
| < 0.1 | 326/510(63.9%) | 37/68(54.4%) | 289/442(65.4%) | |
| 0.1–0.5 | 164/510(32.2%) | 27/68(39.7%) | 137/442(31.0%) | |
| ≥ 0.5 | 20/510(3.9%) | 4/68(5.9%) | 16/442(3.6%) | |
| Highest CRP within one week of admission (mg/L)—Median (IQR) | 15.5(4.0–39.6) | 45.8(17.7–83.1) | 12.2(3.8–34.2) | 0.000 |
| Highest PCT within one week of admission (ng/L)—Median (IQR) | 0.1(0.0–0.1) | 0.1(0.1–0.2) | 0.1(0.0–0.1) | 0.000 |
| FiO2 on the first day of admission—Median (IQR) | 0.3(0.2–0.3) | 0.2(0.3–0.5) | 0.3(0.2–0.3) | 0.000 |
| PaO2 on the first day of admission (mmHg)—Median (IQR) | 90.7(78.0–111.0) | 79.0(67.9–95.2) | 94.0(80.2–117.0) | 0.019 |
| PaCO2 on the first day of admission (mmHg)—Median (IQR) | 37.5(34.0–41.5) | 33.0(32.4–37.5) | 38.0(34.8–41.9) | 0.699 |
| Oxygenation index on the first day of admission (mmHg) | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 292.2(144.4–424.3) | 240(160.8–261.2) | 352.0(64.2–466.2) | 0.000 |
| Distribution—no./total no. (%) | 0.000 | |||
| ≤ 200 | 106/325(32.6%) | 35/69(50.7%) | 71/256(27.7%) | |
| > 200 | 219/325(67.4%) | 34/69(49.3%) | 185/256(72.3%) | |
| D-dimer (μg/L)—Median (IQR) | 250.0(140.0–525.3) | 819.0(276.0–1212.0) | 238.0(130.0–458.0) | 0.000 |
| Complications—no./total no. (%) | ||||
| Shock | 4/647(0.6%) | 4/73(5.5%) | 0/574(0.0%) | 0.000 |
| Secondary bacterial infection | 48/659(7.3%) | 23/76(30.3%) | 25/583(4.3%) | 0.000 |
CT, computerized tomography; CRP, c-reactive protein; PCT, procalcitonin; no., number.
Data are presented as medians (interquartile ranges, IQR) and no./total no. (%).