Table 1.
Study eligibility criteria in the included NMAs
| NMA | Interventions | Population | Outcome | Time point (weeks) | Study design and phase | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ETN | IFX | ADA | UST | SEC | IXE | BRO | GUS | TIL | RIS | CZP | Other bio | Other non-bio | |||||
| Woolacott 2006 [35] | L | L, U3 | ✓ | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90 | 10–12 | RCT, phase NR | |||||||||
| Reich 2008 [32] | L | L | ✓ | Active chronic stable plaque PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90 | 10–12 and 24 | RCT, phase 2 and 3 | ||||||||||
| Bansback 2009 [31] | HD | L | L | ✓ | ✓ | M-to-S PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90 | Not defined; primary endpoint | RCT, phase NR | ||||||||
| Reich 2012 [39] | LD | L | L | WB, U45 U90 | ✓ | Adults, plaque type PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90 | 10–16 | RCT, phase NR | ||||||||
| Lin 2012 [43] | HD | L | L | U45, U90 | ✓ | M-to-S plaque PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90 | 10–16 | RCT, phase 3 | ||||||||
| Gupta 2014 [19] | L | L | L | U45 | ✓ | ✓ | Adults (18+), chronic plaque PsO | PASI 75 | 10–16 | RCT, phase 3 and above | |||||||
| Messori 2015 [18] | L | L | U45, U90 | M-to-S PsO | Safety: AEs, Infectious AEs | 12–24 | RCT, phase NR | ||||||||||
| Signorovitch 2015 [42] | L | L | L | U45, U90 | ✓ | M-to-S PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90 | 10–16 | RCT, phase 2 and 3 | ||||||||
| Gomez Garcia 2016 [23] | L | L | L | WB, U45 U90 | L | Adults, M-to-S PsO | PASI 75, 90; Safety: any AE | 10–16 | RCT, phase NR | ||||||||
| Jabbar-Lopez 2017 [17] | A | A | A | A | A | A | Adults and children, any severity PsO; ≤ 50% PsA | PASI 75; withdrawal due to AE; DLQI; Clear/almost clear | > 12 (but include 10-week IFX) | RCT, phase 2 and 3, ≥ 50 patients | |||||||
| Sbidian 2017 [34] | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | ✓ | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S plaque PsO OR PsA with M-to-S PsO | PASI 75, 90; SAE, AE; PGA 0/1; DLQI | 12–16 | RCT, phase 2 and above | |
| Geng 2018 [22] | L, U25 | L, U3 | L | U45, U90 | ✓ | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90 | NR | RCT, phase NR | |||||||
| Loos 2018 [24] | HD | L | L | WB, U45 U90 | L | L | L | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90 | 10–16 | RCT, phase 3 | |||||
| Sawyer 2018 (i) [36] | LD, HD | L | L | WB, U45, U90 | L | L | L, U140 | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90, 100 | 10–16 | RCT, phase NR | |||||
| Sawyer 2018 (m) [40] | HD | L | L | WB, U45, U90 | L | L | L | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 75, 90, 100 | 40–64 | RCT, phase 2 and 3, OLE | |||||
| Cameron 2018 [38] | L | L | L | WB, U45, U90 | L | L | L, U140 | L | L | La | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90, 100; PGA 0/1; safety | End of induction | RCT, phase 3 and 4 | ||
| Sawyer 2019 [37] | LD, HD | L | L | WB, U45, U90 | L | L | L | L | L100 | L | L200, 2400 | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90, 100 | 10–16 | RCT, phase NR | |
| Bai 2019 [21] | U45, WB + U90 | L | L | L | L | L | L | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 75, 100; PGA 0/1; AE; SAE; discontinuation due to AE | 12–16 | RCT, phase NR | |||||
| Xu 2019a b[25] | HD | L | L | A | A | A | L | L | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 50, 75, 90, 100; PGA 0/1; DLQI; headache; infection; discontinuation; | 12–16 | RCT or quasi RCT, phase NR | ||||
| Xu 2019b [26] | L | WB | A | A | A | A | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 75; AE | 12–24 | RCT, phase NR | |||||||
| Warren 2019 [41] | LD, HD | L | L | WB, U45, U90 | L | L | L | L | L100, L200 | M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PAIS 75, 90, 100 | 12–16 | RCT, phase 2 and above | ||||
| Wu 2020 [44] | A | A | A | A | A | Aa | Aa | Aa | Aa | ✓ | Patients with PsO | Change in body weight or BMI | Up to 24 | RCT or non-RCT | |||
| Sbidian 2020 [33] | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | ✓ | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 75, 90; SAE, AE; PGA 0/1; DLQI | 8–24 | RCT, phase 2 and above |
| Warren 2020 [20] | HD | L | L | WB | L | L | L | L | L100 | L | L400 | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 75, 90, 100; DLQI 0/1; | 4, 8 and 12 | RCT, phase 3 | ||
| Armstrong 2020 [30] | L | L | L | WB, U45, U90 | L | L | L | L | L100, L200 | L | L200, L400 | ✓ | Adults, M-to-S chronic plaque PsO | PASI 75, 90, 100 | 10–16; 44–60 | RCT, phase 2 and above | |
ADA adalimumab, AE adverse event, BMI body mass index, BRO brodalumab, CZP certolizumab pegol, DLQI dermatology life quality index, ETN etanercept, GUS guselkumab, i induction, IFX infliximab, IXE ixekizumab, m maintenance, M-to-S moderate- to –severe, NR not reported, OLE open-label extension, PASI psoriasis area severity index, PsA psoriatic arthritis, PGA physicians global assessment, PsO psoriasis, RCT randomised control trial, RIS risankizumab, SAE serious adverse event, SEC secukinumab, TIL tildrakizumab, UST ustekinumab; A any dose, HD high etanercept dose of 100 mg/week, kg kilogram, L Licensed dose(s), LD low etanercept dose of 50 mg/week, L100 licensed dose of 100 mg, L200 licensed dose of 200 mg, L400 licensed dose of 400 mg, mg milligram, U unlicensed dose(s), U3 unlicensed infliximab dose of 3 mg/kg, U25 unlicensed etanercept dose of 25 mg/week, U45 ustekinumab at 45 mg irrespective of patient’s body weight, U90 ustekinumab at 90 mg irrespective of patient’s body weight, U140 unlicensed brodalumab dose of 140 mg, WB ustekinumab at 45 mg for patients with body weight up to 100 kg and 90 mg for patients with body weight of 100 kg or more
aIncluded in protocol, no evidence was identified; other non-biologic includes apremilast
bThe labels in this study suggest that only licensed doses were included; however, closer inspection reveals that some study data relates to trial arms of unlicensed doses. It is assumed that these were combined with studies evaluating licensed doses