Table 2.
Clinical characteristics of the patients enrolled for the validation study.
|
All n = 39 |
Non-AF n = 20 |
AF n = 19 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgery type | ||||
| VATS PVI | – | 19 | ||
| CABG | 13 (65) | – | ||
| Aortic valve | 4 (20) | – | ||
| CABG + valve | 3 (15) | – | ||
| Baseline | ||||
| Sex, male, n (%) | 28 (72) | 14 (70) | 14 (74) | 1.00 |
| Age, years (± SD) | 64 ± 6.8 | 65.8 ± 7.0 | 62.1 ± 6.1 | 0.09 |
| AF duration, years [IQ] | – | – | 0 [0–5.25] | NA |
| Previous catheter PVI, n (%) | – | – | 2 (5) | NA |
| BMI, kg/m2 (± SD) | 27.9 ± 3.4 | 28.2 ± 3.5 | 27.6 ± 3.4 | 0.63 |
| Creatinine, μml/l (± SD) | 85.3 ± 12.9 | 86.2 ± 15 | 74.4 ± 11.2 | 0.68 |
| CRP, mg/L [IQ] | 2.7 [0.9–2.4] | 1.4 [1.0–2.0] | 1.9 [0.78–3.4] | 1.00 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc [IQ] | 2 [1–3] | 3 [2–3] | 1 [1–2] | < 0.01 |
| Vascular disease, n (%) | 21 (54) | 17 (85) | 4 (21) | < 0.01 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 8 (21) | 6 (30) | 2 (11) | 0.24 |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 10 (26) | 7 (35) | 3 (16) | 0.27 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 19 (49) | 12 (60) | 7 (37) | 0.21 |
| Diabetes Mellitus, n (%) | 5 (13) | 4 (20) | 1 (5) | 0.34 |
| Congestive heart failure, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Stroke/TIA/embolus, n (%) | 5 (13) | 4 (20) | 1 (5) | 0.34 |
| Hematology | ||||
| Leukocytes, 10–9/L [IQ] | 6.7 [5.6–8.6] | 8.0 [6.0–9.5] | 5.7 [4.8–7.5] | < 0.05 |
| Thrombocytes, 10–9/L [IQ] |
225.5 [205.5–264.3] |
241.5 [214–281.3] |
206.5 [196.3–258.5] |
0.16 |
| Medication | ||||
| NOAC/vitK antagonist, n (%) | 19 (49) | 0 (0) | 19 (100) | NA |
| Antiplatelet, n (%) | 18 (46) | 18 (90) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Carbasalate calcium | 16 (41) | 16 | 0 (0) | NA |
| Clopidogrel | 5 (13) | 5 | 0 (0) | NA |
| Ticagrelor | 1 (3) | 1 | 0 (0) | NA |
| Class IA AAD, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Class IC AAD, n (%) | 3 (8) | 0 | 3 (16) | 0.11 |
| Class II AAD, n (%) | 22 (57) | 13 (65) | 9 (47) | 0.34 |
| Class III AAD, n (%) | 9 (23) | 1 (5) | 8 (42) | < 0.01 |
| Class IV AAD, n (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | NA |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 4 (10) | 0 | 4 (21) | < 0.05 |
| Statins, n (%) | 20 (51) | 13 (65) | 7 (35) | 0.11 |
| NSAIDs, n (%) | 2 (5) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | NA |
| Steroids, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
The cohort for the validation study contains 20 non-AF patients and 19 persistent AF patients.
VATS PVI video-assisted thoracoscopic pulmonary vein isolation, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting, BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention, TIA transient ischemic attack, NOAC non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, AAD anti-arrhythmic drugs, NSAIDs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NA not applicable.