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. 2021 Jan 30;14:100298. doi: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100298

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Infusion of orexin A (OA) into the LHb alleviated social avoidance and depressive behaviors after chronic social defeat stress

(a) The experimental protocol for chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), as well as the timing of pharmaceutical administration, the social interaction test (SIT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swimming test (FST). (b) Schematic procedure of CSDS modeling (left) and the social interaction test (right). Intruder mice were divided into the susceptible and resilient groups using the social interaction test. Mice who were susceptible to CSDS had a lower social interaction ratio in the interaction zone (c) but higher ratio in the corner zone (d) when the CD1 mouse was present (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni's post hoc comparisons, F = 19.32 and F = 55.30, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). (e) Representative image of the location of the microinjection canula. (f) Representative trajectories in the SIT of susceptible mice with infusion of vehicle (left) or OA (right) into the LHb. (g) Infusing OA into the LHb increased the social interaction ratio in the interaction zone (left, 0.5292 ± 0.1073 vs. 1.137 ± 0.1453, t = 3.364, p = 0.0046) and reduced the social interaction ratio in the corner zone (right, 3.990 ± 0.8926 vs. 0.7431 ± 0.2286, t = 3.524, p = 0.0034). Infusing OA into the LHb did not affect the (i) total travel distance (8.251 ± 1.295m vs. 8.145 ± 2.346m, t = 0.03942, p = 0.9691) or (j) the travel distance in the interaction zone (0.4438 ± 0.1022m vs. 0.5156 ± 0.2161m, t = 0.3006, p = 0.7681), but decreased the (k) travel distance in the corner zone (0.7790 ± 0.1378m vs. 0.3356 ± 0.1416m, t = 2.244, p = 0.0415). (l) Infusion of OA into the LHb reduced the percentage of immobility time in the TST (57.86 ± 1.817% vs. 47.76 ± 3.137%, t = 2.787, p = 0.0145), and the (m) percentage of time spent immobile in the FST (29.37 ± 2.714% vs. 20.53 ± 1.472%, t = 2.865, p = 0.0125). Data are presented as the mean ± SEM *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 (unpaired t-test). LHb, lateral habenula.