Table 4.
Outcomes of expressive art therapy activities.
| Expressive art therapy activities | Outcomes |
|---|---|
| Listening to music | Improved cognitive skills [68] |
| Guided imagery | Improved cognitive skills [68] Decrease in depression [75] Decrease in anxiety [ [75] |
| Guided viewing of artworks | Improved cognitive skills [65] Decrease of depression level [70] Decrease of anxiety [70] |
| Coloring | Improved cognitive skills [66] Improved self-esteem [74] Decrease of depression level [74] |
| Clay modeling | Improved self-expression [78] Improved self-esteem [78] Decrease in depression [75] Decrease in anxiety [78] Improved connection with others such as family members and staff [67,78] |
| Drawing | Improved self-expression [78] Individual therapy: improved self-expression [73,77] Improved cognitive skills [65] improved self-esteem [78] Self-empowerment [76] Decrease in depression [74,75] Decrease in anxiety [70,74,75] Decreased in psychosocial stress [71] Connection with others such as family members and staff [67,78] Individual therapy: Connection with others such as family members and staff [77,78] Individual therapy: Quality of life [72] |
| Painting | Improved self-expression [78] Improved cognitive skills [65] Improved self-esteem [78] Self-empowerment [76] Decrease in anxiety [70,75,78] Connection with others such as family members and staff [67,78] Individual therapy: Connection with others such as family members and staff [77] Individual therapy [77]: |
| Photography | Improved cognitive skills [68] |
| Collage | Individual therapy: Improved self-expression [73,77] Improved cognitive skills [66] Decrease in depression [75] Decrease in anxiety [75] Connection with others such as family members and staff [67] Individual therapy: Connection with others such as family members and staff [77] Individual therapy: Quality of life [77] |
| Movement | Improved cognitive skills [68] |
| Sculpturing | Improved self-expression [78] Improved cognitive skills [68] Improved self-esteem [78] Decrease in anxiety [78] Connection with others such as family members and staff [78] |
| Weaving | Decrease in depression [75] Decrease in anxiety [75] |
| Writing, poetry | Improved cognitive skills [68] |
| Narrative∗ | Improved cognitive skills [66] Improved self-esteem [74] Improved self-efficacy [69] Decrease in depression [70,74] Individual therapy: Decreased psychosocial stress [71] Individual therapy: Quality of life [71] |
Note: ∗Drawing an autobiographical timeline, quilting one’s story, drawing a picture of oneself.