Table 5.

The impacts of qseC deletion and LED209 on the virulence of Vp _AHPND towards gnotobiotic brine shrimp larvae (Artemia franciscana).

Strains	Survival (%)1
Control	100 ± 0
Vp AHPND WT	32 ± 8	a
Vp AHPND ΔqseC	57 ± 3	c
Vp AHPND [5 pM LED209]	38 ± 3	a
Vp AHPND [5 nM LED209]	47 ± 8	b
Vp AHPND [50 nM LED209]	60 ± 5	c

¹Survival rate of brine shrimp larvae after challenging with Vp_AHPND strain for 48 h.

Survival in the negative control was set at 100% and the other treatments were normalized accordingly. Batches of 30 brine shrimp larvae were used for each replicate, and each treatment was carried out in triplicate. Square brackets refer to pretreatment. LED209 was directly added into the Artemia rearing water. Data are average ± standard deviation of three independent experiments, and were analyzed by One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.01). Values with a different letter are significantly different from each other.