Table 2.

Comparative analysis of wearable sensor modalities utilized in sports today.

Technology	Capabilities	Pros	Cons	Leagues
Surface EMG	Identifies muscle recruitment, potential weaknesses	Small processing unit, wireless; live data	Low Signal to Noise Ratio	MLB, NBA, MLS
GPS, RFID tracking, and Accelerometers	Distance, velocity, acceleration, deceleration, side-side movement, work output, sleep (actigraphy)	Easy to incorporate into football pads; vast amount of data points	No biometric data (HR, RR, EMG); price point; Limited per position (linemen or goaltenders). Must wear sport top as well as pod	NFL, NBA, MLS, European Football, NCAA Football, NCAA Basketball
ECG/PPG sensors	Heart rate, HRV, Respiration rate, stress levels, TRIMP, Muscle oxygen saturation	Accurate, cost effective, ease of use	Price point and accuracy of certain devices in question	NFL, NCAA, European Football, NBA, US Soccer, NFL