Table 5.

Digital health devices (e.g., wearable and hand-held) currently studied by sports cardiologists to monitor the cardiovascular health and wellness of athletes.

Feature	AW 4/5	Qardiocore	Alivecor KardiaMobile (1L/6L) or KardiaBand	Hexoskin	Zio patch	Holter monitor
Wearable device	Yes	Yes	Yes (KardiaBand)	Yes	Yes	No
Auto alarm	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
1-lead ECG	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
6-lead ECG	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes
Mobile application	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No
Continuous monitoring	No	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes
Real time analysis	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Employs ML	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
Accuracy of ML (%)	95.8% (TP) (Turagam et al., 2015) 97.7% (TN) (Turagam et al., 2015)	–	96.6% (TP) (Aagaard et al., 2019) 94.1% (TP) (Aagaard et al., 2019)	–	–	–

Information gathered from company websites, social media sites, and press releases. “N/A” implies that accuracy of device has yet to be validated in peer-reviewed studies against a 12-lead ECG to monitor atrial fibrillation.

1L/6L, 1-Lead or 6-lead; TP, True-Positive; TN, True-Negative; AW, Apple Watch.