Table 1.

Demographics and clinical characteristics of veterans with GWI.

	Group 1: Sham LED	Group 2: Real LED		Pearson chi-square
	Tx	Tx	All veterans
N	23	25	48
Age (years, SD)	52.4 (6.6)	51.9 (5.6)	52 (6)	0.799
Education (years, SD)	14.2 (1.9)	14.2 (1.99)	14 (1.9)	0.601
No. females (%)	2 (9%)	6 (24%)	8 (17%)	0.155
No. with TBI	9 (40%)	7 (28%)	16 (33%)	0.372
No. with blast exposure	5 (22%)	3 (12%)	8 (17%)	0.357
No. with PCL-C >36 at entry	13 (56%)	19 (76%)	32 (66%)	0.085
No. with BDI >30 (severe depression)	2 (8%)	6 (26%)	8 (16%)	0.178
No. on pain medications*	5 (22%)	3 (12%)	8 (17%)	0.223
No. on sleep medications*	3 (13%)	1 (4%)	4 (8%)	0.190
CMI criteria (3)	All endorsed at least 2/3 CMI criteria at entry
Memory/concentration difficulties	All endorsed memory and/or attentional difficulties at entry
Region served	All served in Kuwait Theater

Mean (SD) or N (%), reported.

CMI, Chronic Multi-symptom Illness; TBI, traumatic brain injury; PCL-C, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for Civilians; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory.

^*Pain medications and Sleep medications were not recorded for 8 participants.