Table 2. Complete Stratified Outcomes by Patient and Surgical Characteristicsa.
| Characteristic | Total sample (N = 608) | Local recurrence | Systemic recurrenceb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 586) | Yes (n = 22) | No (n = 526) | Yes (n = 47) | ||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 63 (54-70) | 63 (54-70) | 67 (47-74) | 63 (54-70) | 67 (52-72) |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 185 (30.4) | 179 (30.6) | 6 (27.3) | 156 (29.7) | 14 (29.8) |
| Male | 423 (69.6) | 406 (69.4) | 16 (72.7) | 370 (70.3) | 33 (70.2) |
| Body mass index | |||||
| Underweight or normal | 188 (30.9) | 179 (30.6) | 9 (40.9) | 156 (29.7) | 16 (34.0) |
| Overweight | 226 (37.2) | 215 (36.8) | 10 (45.5) | 194 (36.9) | 21 (44.7) |
| Obese | 194 (31.9) | 191 (32.6) | 3 (13.6) | 176 (33.5) | 10 (21.3) |
| Clinical AJCC stage | |||||
| I | 132 (21.7) | 127 (21.7) | 5 (22.7) | 126 (24.0) | 6 (12.8) |
| II | 166 (27.3) | 163 (27.9) | 3 (13.6) | 155 (29.5) | 11 (23.4) |
| III | 256 (42.1) | 243 (41.5) | 12 (54.5) | 226 (43.0) | 30 (63.8) |
| IV | 35 (5.8) | 33 (5.6) | 2 (9.1) | 0 | 0 |
| Missing | 19 (3.1) | 19 (3.2) | 0 | 19 (3.6) | 0 |
| Tumor height | |||||
| Median (IQR), cm | 6 (4-8) | 6 (4-8) | 5 (3-7) | 6 (4-8) | 6 (5-8) |
| Missing | 11 (1.8) | 11 (1.9) | 0 | 9 (1.7) | 0 |
| Neoadjuvant therapy | |||||
| No | 183 (30.1) | 175 (29.9) | 8 (36.4) | 170 (32.3) | 9 (19.1) |
| Yes | 425 (69.9) | 410 (70.1) | 14 (63.6) | 356 (67.7) | 38 (80.9) |
| Procedure | |||||
| APR resection | 44 (7.2) | 41 (7.0) | 3 (13.6) | 40 (7.6) | 4 (8.5) |
| LAR | 559 (91.9) | 539 (92.1) | 19 (86.4) | 481 (91.4) | 43 (91.5) |
| Other | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 3 (0.6) | 0 |
| Missing | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 0 |
| Anastomosis type | |||||
| Handsewn | 178 (29.3) | 168 (28.7) | 10 (45.5) | 157 (29.8) | 15 (31.9) |
| None | 52 (8.6) | 49 (8.4) | 3 (13.6) | 44 (8.4) | 6 (12.8) |
| Stapled | 371 (61.0) | 362 (61.9) | 8 (36.4) | 319 (60.6) | 26 (55.3) |
| Missing | 7 (1.2) | 6 (1.0) | 1 (4.5) | 6 (1.1) | 0 |
| Use of diverting ostomy | |||||
| Any stoma | 525 (86.3) | 507 (86.7) | 17 (77.3) | 451 (85.7) | 43 (91.5) |
| No stoma | 71 (11.7) | 67 (11.5) | 4 (18.2) | 63 (12.0) | 4 (8.5) |
| Missing | 12 (2.0) | 11 (1.9) | 1 (4.5) | 12 (2.3) | 0 |
| Operative time | |||||
| Median (IQR), min | 276 (235-338) | 276 (234-338) | 300 (249-366) | 275 (237-338) | 290 (246-332) |
| Missing | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 0 |
| Conversion | |||||
| No | 581 (95.6) | 560 (95.7) | 20 (90.9) | 505 (96.0) | 44 (93.6) |
| Yes | 26 (4.3) | 24 (4.1) | 2 (9.1) | 21 (4.0) | 3 (6.4) |
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Intraoperative complications | |||||
| No | 575 (94.6) | 552 (94.4) | 22 (100) | 495 (94.1) | 46 (97.9) |
| Yes | 30 (4.9) | 30 (5.1) | 0 | 29 (5.5) | 0 |
| Missing | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 1 (2.1) |
| Postoperative complications | |||||
| No | 269 (44.2) | 262 (44.8) | 7 (31.8) | 228 (43.3) | 21 (44.7) |
| Yes | 339 (55.8) | 323 (55.2) | 15 (68.2) | 298 (56.7) | 26 (55.3) |
| Clavien-Dindo classification | |||||
| 1 | 108 (17.8) | 102 (17.4) | 5 (22.7) | 99 (18.8) | 5 (10.6) |
| 2 | 135 (22.2) | 131 (22.4) | 4 (18.2) | 117 (22.2) | 11 (23.4) |
| 3 | 88 (14.5) | 83 (14.2) | 5 (22.7) | 75 (14.3) | 9 (19.1) |
| 4 | 5 (0.8) | 4 (0.7) | 1 (4.5) | 4 (0.8) | 1 (2.1) |
| 5 | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 3 (0.6) | 0 |
| Anastomotic leak | |||||
| No | 559 (91.9) | 541 (92.5) | 17 (77.3) | 484 (92.0) | 42 (89.4) |
| Yes | 46 (7.6) | 41 (7.0) | 5 (22.7) | 39 (7.4) | 5 (10.6) |
| Missing | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.5) | 0 | 3 (0.6) | 0 |
| Another operation within 30 d | |||||
| No | 544 (89.5) | 524 (89.6) | 19 (86.4) | 470 (89.4) | 43 (91.5) |
| Yes | 64 (10.5) | 61 (10.4) | 3 (13.6) | 56 (10.6) | 4 (8.5) |
| Readmission within 30 d | |||||
| No | 508 (83.6) | 490 (83.8) | 17 (77.3) | 444 (84.4) | 36 (76.6) |
| Yes | 100 (16.4) | 95 (16.2) | 5 (22.7) | 82 (15.6) | 11 (23.4) |
| Quality of mesorectum | |||||
| Incomplete | 27 (4.4) | 26 (4.4) | 1 (4.5) | 23 (4.4) | 4 (8.5) |
| Complete | 565 (92.9) | 546 (93.3) | 18 (81.8) | 490 (93.2) | 40 (85.1) |
| Missing | 16 (2.6) | 13 (2.2) | 3 (13.6) | 13 (2.5) | 3 (6.4) |
| Circumferential radial margin | |||||
| Positive | 43 (7.1) | 38 (6.5) | 4 (18.2) | 31 (5.9)c | 10 (21.3)c |
| Negative | 505 (83.1) | 489 (83.6) | 16 (72.7) | 441 (83.8)c | 35 (74.5)c |
| Missing | 60 (9.9) | 58 (9.9) | 2 (9.1) | 54 (10.3)c | 2 (4.3)c |
| Distal radial margin | |||||
| Positive | 15 (2.5) | 15 (2.6) | 0 | 10 (1.9)d | 4 (8.5)d |
| Negative | 533 (87.7) | 513 (87.7) | 20 (90.9) | 463 (88.0)d | 41 (87.2)d |
| Missing | 60 (9.9) | 57 (9.7) | 2 (9.1) | 53 (10.1)d | 2 (4.3)d |
| Local recurrence | |||||
| No | 585 (96.2) | 585 (100)e | 0e | 518 (98.5)e | 34 (72.3)e |
| Yes | 22 (3.6) | 0e | 22 (100)e | 7 (1.3)e | 13 (27.7)e |
| Missing | 1 (0.2) | 0e | 0e | 1 (0.2)e | 0e |
| Systemic recurrence | |||||
| No | 551 (90.6) | 543 (92.8)e | 7 (31.8)e | 526 (100)e | 0e |
| Yes | 57 (9.4) | 42 (7.2)e | 15 (68.2)e | 0e | 47 (100)e |
| Follow-up, median (IQR), mo | 27 (18-38) | 27 (18-38) | 36 (22-40) | 27 (18-38) | 34 (23-42)d |
Abbreviations: AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer; APR, abdominoperineal; IQR, interquartile range; LAR, low anterior resection.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless otherwise indicated.
b
Stage IV cases (35) were not considered in the stratified analysis of systemic recurrence.
c
P = .001.
d
P < .05.
e
P < .001.